question
the difference between disease and illness
answer
disease: is an objective state of ill health
illness: is a subjective experience of loss of health
illness: is a subjective experience of loss of health
question
the difference between health and wellness
answer
health: is an objective experience
wellness: is a subjective experience
wellness: is a subjective experience
question
nature of health
answer
multi-dimensional, contextual, revolves around its inter-relationship w/ concepts of disease, illness and wellness
question
health (1)
answer
"a complete state of physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity"
- WHO, 2017
- WHO, 2017
question
health (2)
answer
"a resource for everyday living, not the object of living"
- Ottawa chapter for health promotion (WHO)
- Ottawa chapter for health promotion (WHO)
question
health (3)
answer
"a dynamic process of physical, mental, spiritual and social wellbeing. includes self-determination and a sense of connection to the community"
- Community health nurses of Canada
- Community health nurses of Canada
question
Medical approach
answer
- emphasizes that medical intervention restores health
- focus os on treatment of disease
- health concerns linked to physiological risk factors
- focus os on treatment of disease
- health concerns linked to physiological risk factors
question
Behavioural approach
answer
- shift in the 1970s w/ the Lalonde report
- include determinants such as lifestyle, environment, human biology, organization of health
- the responsibility for health is placed on the individual
- include determinants such as lifestyle, environment, human biology, organization of health
- the responsibility for health is placed on the individual
question
Socio-environmental approach (1980s)
answer
- limitation of lifestyle focus emerges
"studies showed that lifestyle improvement were made primarily by well educated, well employed, higher income Canadians"
- health is closely tied to social structures (poverty, unhealthy physical and social environments)
"studies showed that lifestyle improvement were made primarily by well educated, well employed, higher income Canadians"
- health is closely tied to social structures (poverty, unhealthy physical and social environments)
question
determinants in socioenvironmental approach
answer
psychosocial risk factors: psychological experiences resulting from social circumstances that include isolation, lack of social support, low self-esteem, self blame
socioenvironmental risk conditions: living conditions that include poverty, low educational/occupational status, discrimination, dangerous physical environment
socioenvironmental risk conditions: living conditions that include poverty, low educational/occupational status, discrimination, dangerous physical environment
question
Ottawa Charter (1980s)
answer
- identified prerequisites for health as peace, shelter, education, food, income, social justice, equity, etc.
- included social, environmental and political contexts
- incorporated the concept of empowerment
- included social, environmental and political contexts
- incorporated the concept of empowerment
question
Bangkok charter
answer
- affirmed health as human right and emphasized mental and spiritual well being
- emphasized strong political action and sustained advocacy, empowering communities
- emphasized strong political action and sustained advocacy, empowering communities
question
Jakarta Declaration
answer
- empowerment of women
- social security
- respect for human right
- social relations
- increasing investments for health in all sectors -- increasing community capability and empowering individuals
- social security
- respect for human right
- social relations
- increasing investments for health in all sectors -- increasing community capability and empowering individuals
question
define health promotion
answer
- directed towards increasing he level of well-being and actualization
- focus on empowering people and changing current conditions to improve health
- focus on empowering people and changing current conditions to improve health
question
disease prevention
answer
action to avoid illness or disease
question
what are the proactive approaches to health?
answer
health promotion
disease prevention
disease prevention
question
Define social determinants of health
answer
- conditions in which people are born, grow, live, work and age
- shaped by distribution of money, power, resources on a global, national, local levels - influenced by policy choices
- responsible for heath inequities - the unfair and avoidable difference in health status seen w/in and b/w countries
- shaped by distribution of money, power, resources on a global, national, local levels - influenced by policy choices
- responsible for heath inequities - the unfair and avoidable difference in health status seen w/in and b/w countries
question
list all 12 determinants of health
I SEE SHHIP BC G
( I see ship because g)
I SEE SHHIP BC G
( I see ship because g)
answer
income and social status
social support network
education and literacy
employment /working conditions/ job security
social environments
healthy child development
health services
individual health practices and coping skills
physical environment
biological and genetic endowment
culture
gender
social support network
education and literacy
employment /working conditions/ job security
social environments
healthy child development
health services
individual health practices and coping skills
physical environment
biological and genetic endowment
culture
gender
question
lis the social determinants of health
(apart of the Toronto charter)
D EEE F GGG HH II R SS
(apart of the Toronto charter)
D EEE F GGG HH II R SS
answer
disability
early childhood development
education
employment and working conditions
food security
gender
geography
globalization
health services
housing
income and income distribution
indigenous ancestry
race
social exclusion
social safety net
unemployment and job security
early childhood development
education
employment and working conditions
food security
gender
geography
globalization
health services
housing
income and income distribution
indigenous ancestry
race
social exclusion
social safety net
unemployment and job security
question
health disparities
answer
- difference in health status in population groups
- social determinants to develop strategies to narrow disparities
- social determinants to develop strategies to narrow disparities
question
why is population health important
answer
approach to health that aims to improve the health of entire population and reduce health inequities among population group
question
the Lalonde report is significant in that it was the first to emphasize what?
a. a behavioural approach
b. a medical approach
c. a socioenvironmental approach
d. physiological risk factors
a. a behavioural approach
b. a medical approach
c. a socioenvironmental approach
d. physiological risk factors
answer
a. a behavioural approach
question
what is the document that marked the shift from lifestyle to a socioenvironmental approach?
a. Lalonde report
b. Adelaide statement on health in all policies
c. toronto charter
d. ottawa charter
a. Lalonde report
b. Adelaide statement on health in all policies
c. toronto charter
d. ottawa charter
answer
d. ottawa charter
question
providing immunization against measles is an example of what?
a. health promotion
b. primary prevention
c. secondary prevention
d. tertiary prevention
a. health promotion
b. primary prevention
c. secondary prevention
d. tertiary prevention
answer
b. primary prevention
question
the belief that health is primarily an individual responsibility is most congruent w/ which approach?
a. medical
b. behavioural
c. socioenvironmental
d. critical/structural
a. medical
b. behavioural
c. socioenvironmental
d. critical/structural
answer
b. behavioural
question
which statement does not accurately describe the population health promotion model?
a. the model suggest that action can address the full range of health determinants
b. the model incorporates the health promotion strategies of the Ottawa charter
c. the model focuses primarily on interventions at a societal level
d. the model attempts to integrate population health and health promotion concepts
a. the model suggest that action can address the full range of health determinants
b. the model incorporates the health promotion strategies of the Ottawa charter
c. the model focuses primarily on interventions at a societal level
d. the model attempts to integrate population health and health promotion concepts
answer
c. the model focuses primarily on the interventions on a societal level
question
what is the most influential health determinant?
a. personal health practices
b. income and social status
c. health care services
d. physical environment
a. personal health practices
b. income and social status
c. health care services
d. physical environment
answer
b. income and social status
question
at what are health promotion activities aimed?
a. providing protection against diseases
b. increasing the level of well-being
c. avoiding injury or disease
d. teaching clients to learn yo live with their limitation
a. providing protection against diseases
b. increasing the level of well-being
c. avoiding injury or disease
d. teaching clients to learn yo live with their limitation
answer
b. increasing the level of well-being
question
Which DOH is the most influential in Canada ?
answer
Income & social status
Health status improves as income increases
Health status improves as income increases
question
What are some issues faced by those with low income ?
(DOH #1)
(DOH #1)
answer
- Greater risk of illness and early death
- Chronic health problems
- Low self esteem
- Higher rates of depression
- Chronic health problems
- Low self esteem
- Higher rates of depression
question
Why is income an important topic for nurses to discuss with clients ?
answer
Income influences nurse's treatment recomendations
(don"t suggest something they can't afford)
(don"t suggest something they can't afford)
question
Who is included in "social support networks" ?
(DOH #2)
(DOH #2)
answer
friends, family, the community
question
How do social support networks help the individual ?
answer
-impact emotional and physical health
- affect how people feel/manage their own health/illness
- affect how people feel/manage their own health/illness
question
Low literacy is linked to which two health affecting problems ?
answer
- greater unemployement
- lower wages
- lower wages
question
How does education & literacy affect health ?
(DOH #3)
(DOH #3)
answer
- Higher level of education = higher income level = better health
- improves ability to problem solve
- improves ability to problem solve
question
Give an example of direct and indirect impacts low literacy has on health
answer
direct: ability to read medication label
indirect: low status in the workplace
indirect: low status in the workplace
question
Name some ways employement and working conditions/ job security affects individual's health
(DOH #4)
(DOH #4)
answer
positively or negatively :
- physically
- mentally
- socially
- physically
- mentally
- socially
question
name some benefits of paid employement
answer
- money
- purpose/identity
- social interactions
- opportunity for growth
- purpose/identity
- social interactions
- opportunity for growth
question
nurses consistently have on of the highest rates of ________________ in Canada
answer
absenteeism
question
Healthy child development refers to what time period of an individual's life?
(DOH #5)
(DOH #5)
answer
fetal developent to age 6
question
(negative) influencing factors of healthy child development
answer
- low birth weight
- maternal tabacco, alcohol, drug use
- attachment to a primary care giver
- family conflict and violence
- poverty
- education
- maternal tabacco, alcohol, drug use
- attachment to a primary care giver
- family conflict and violence
- poverty
- education
question
How do social envirnoments impact health ?
(DOH #6)
(DOH #6)
answer
helps to establish norms that will impact health
via family, peers, friends, community
via family, peers, friends, community
question
Describe characteristics of a supportive social environment
answer
- social stability
- recognizes diversity
- good working relationships
- tight knight community
- free of discrimination, prejudice, violence, social exclusion
- recognizes diversity
- good working relationships
- tight knight community
- free of discrimination, prejudice, violence, social exclusion
question
describe aspects of a negative physical environment
(DOH #7)
(DOH #7)
answer
- poor air, water, food, and soil quality
- exposure to tabacco
- housing, or lack thereof
- poor community planning
- climate change
- poorly built environments (Mold, dust, asbestos, lead)
- exposure to tabacco
- housing, or lack thereof
- poor community planning
- climate change
- poorly built environments (Mold, dust, asbestos, lead)
question
What behaviours does "Personal health practice and coping skills" refer to ?
(DOH #8)
(DOH #8)
answer
- how people take care of themselves
- how they cope with challenges
- self-reliance
- problem solving
- how they cope with challenges
- self-reliance
- problem solving
question
life choices are greatly influenced by which two factors?
answer
society and socioeconomic environment
question
Name 3 high risk personal practices
answer
1. physical inactivity
2. poor nutrition
3. tabacco use
2. poor nutrition
3. tabacco use
question
How can biology and genetic endownment affect health ?
(DOH #9)
(DOH #9)
answer
- can predispose individuals to certain health conditions
- proper preconception and prenatal care helps decrease the number of congenital defects
- proper preconception and prenatal care helps decrease the number of congenital defects
question
How does access to adequate health services affects one's health ?
(DOH #10)
(DOH #10)
answer
- 25% of a person's health is related to the quality of health care services they receive
ie. health promotion, disease prevention, maintenance of health
ie. health promotion, disease prevention, maintenance of health
question
Despite national health care, low income canadians have limited/no access to... ?
answer
- dentistry
- prescription drugs
- eye care
- prescription drugs
- eye care
question
How does gender affect ones health ?
(DOH #11)
(DOH #11)
answer
- influences health care received
- influences diseases and injuries one is likely to encounter in their lifetime
- life expectancy differs between the two
- influences diseases and injuries one is likely to encounter in their lifetime
- life expectancy differs between the two
question
How does culture affect health ?
(DOH #12)
(DOH #12)
answer
- influences people's interactions with the hc system
- participation in prevention/health promotion programs
- access to health information
- health related lifestyle choices
- individual understanding of health and illness
- cultural factors also influence whether/how health determinents are met
- participation in prevention/health promotion programs
- access to health information
- health related lifestyle choices
- individual understanding of health and illness
- cultural factors also influence whether/how health determinents are met
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