question
Define colonization
answer
the growth of a microorganism after it has gained access to host tissues.
question
Why is the human body favourable for the growth of microorganisms?
answer
- rich in organic nutrients
- controlled pH
- osmotic pressure
- temperature
- controlled pH
- osmotic pressure
- temperature
question
Where does Colonization begin?
answer
at the mucous membranes
question
Define mucous membrane
answer
- are composed of epithelial cells, which lining the urogenital, respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts.
- secret mucus, which has water soluble proteins and glycoproteins.
- natural inhibits microbial infection.
- secret mucus, which has water soluble proteins and glycoproteins.
- natural inhibits microbial infection.
question
What is intrabody phageome?
answer
- billions of innocuous bacteriophages.
- made up of nonpathogenic microbes that penetrate the mucous membrane.
- made up of nonpathogenic microbes that penetrate the mucous membrane.
question
Human dental carries
answer
- acidic glycoproteins from the saliva form a thin organic film on the tooth surface. The film provides a great attachment site for bacterial cells.
- oral streptococci take advantage and colonize!
- oral streptococci take advantage and colonize!
question
S. sobrinus
answer
- the capsule contains adhesins for host-specific salivary glycoproteins.
question
S. mutans
answer
- resides in crevices and fissures and relies on dextran - a strongly adhesive polysaccharide.
question
Both S. sobrinus and S. mutans are...
answer
- lactic acid bacteria! ferment glucose to sucrose which destroys tooth enamel.
- sucrose allows these species to produce dextran and capsule for attachment and colonization.
- sucrose allows these species to produce dextran and capsule for attachment and colonization.
question
What is dental plaque?
answer
- extensive bacterial growth of oral streptococci -> thick biofilm.
- other gram + and - bacteria such as Corynebacterium, porphyromonas, leptotrichia, neisseriam fusobacterium exist in the plaque.
- other gram + and - bacteria such as Corynebacterium, porphyromonas, leptotrichia, neisseriam fusobacterium exist in the plaque.
question
How do all the bacteria mentioned contribute to the dental plaque?
answer
- filamentous streamers of corynebacterium anchor cells of streptococcus to the tooth surface.
question
Define Invasion
answer
- it is the ability of a pathogen to enter into host cells or tissues, spread, and cause disease.
- some pathogens remain localized and other enter the bloodstream.
- some pathogens remain localized and other enter the bloodstream.
question
What happens when pathogens enter the bloodstream?
answer
- they travel to distant part of the body causing Bacteremia, Septicemia or Viremia.
question
Define Bacteremia.
answer
- bacteria in the blood, self-limiting and asymptomatic as the bacterial cells don't grow and immune system removes them.
question
Define Septicemia.
answer
- bacteria multiply in the blood, spreads and produces toxins and other poisonous substances.
- major symptoms, massive inflammation, septic shock and death.
- major symptoms, massive inflammation, septic shock and death.
question
Define Viremia.
answer
viruses presents in the bloodstream
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