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Define colonization
answer
the growth of a microorganism after it has gained access to host tissues.
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Why is the human body favourable for the growth of microorganisms?
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- rich in organic nutrients
- controlled pH
- osmotic pressure
- temperature
- controlled pH
- osmotic pressure
- temperature
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Where does Colonization begin?
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at the mucous membranes
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Define mucous membrane
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- are composed of epithelial cells, which lining the urogenital, respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts.
- secret mucus, which has water soluble proteins and glycoproteins.
- natural inhibits microbial infection.
- secret mucus, which has water soluble proteins and glycoproteins.
- natural inhibits microbial infection.
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What is intrabody phageome?
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- billions of innocuous bacteriophages.
- made up of nonpathogenic microbes that penetrate the mucous membrane.
- made up of nonpathogenic microbes that penetrate the mucous membrane.
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Human dental carries
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- acidic glycoproteins from the saliva form a thin organic film on the tooth surface. The film provides a great attachment site for bacterial cells.
- oral streptococci take advantage and colonize!
- oral streptococci take advantage and colonize!
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S. sobrinus
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- the capsule contains adhesins for host-specific salivary glycoproteins.
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S. mutans
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- resides in crevices and fissures and relies on dextran - a strongly adhesive polysaccharide.
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Both S. sobrinus and S. mutans are...
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- lactic acid bacteria! ferment glucose to sucrose which destroys tooth enamel.
- sucrose allows these species to produce dextran and capsule for attachment and colonization.
- sucrose allows these species to produce dextran and capsule for attachment and colonization.
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What is dental plaque?
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- extensive bacterial growth of oral streptococci -> thick biofilm.
- other gram + and - bacteria such as Corynebacterium, porphyromonas, leptotrichia, neisseriam fusobacterium exist in the plaque.
- other gram + and - bacteria such as Corynebacterium, porphyromonas, leptotrichia, neisseriam fusobacterium exist in the plaque.
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How do all the bacteria mentioned contribute to the dental plaque?
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- filamentous streamers of corynebacterium anchor cells of streptococcus to the tooth surface.
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Define Invasion
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- it is the ability of a pathogen to enter into host cells or tissues, spread, and cause disease.
- some pathogens remain localized and other enter the bloodstream.
- some pathogens remain localized and other enter the bloodstream.
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What happens when pathogens enter the bloodstream?
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- they travel to distant part of the body causing Bacteremia, Septicemia or Viremia.
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Define Bacteremia.
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- bacteria in the blood, self-limiting and asymptomatic as the bacterial cells don't grow and immune system removes them.
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Define Septicemia.
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- bacteria multiply in the blood, spreads and produces toxins and other poisonous substances.
- major symptoms, massive inflammation, septic shock and death.
- major symptoms, massive inflammation, septic shock and death.
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Define Viremia.
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viruses presents in the bloodstream