question
WHO definition of health disparity
answer
differences in health that are:
unnecessary
unavoidable
unfair
unjust
unnecessary
unavoidable
unfair
unjust
question
why is it important to study health disparities?
answer
disproportionate burden of illness and injury among underserved populations
US population becoming more racially and ethnically diverse
health orgs must reflect and support comms with cultural proficiency
US population becoming more racially and ethnically diverse
health orgs must reflect and support comms with cultural proficiency
question
by 2050 people of color will make up
answer
half the US population
question
Why is it important to look at middle income and disparities?
answer
things are becoming increasingly unaffordable
question
Factors that contribute to growth of numbers of vulnerable population
answer
1. income inequity btwn rich, poor, and aging population
2. rise in chronic conditions' prevalence
3. strained support services in low-income communities
2. rise in chronic conditions' prevalence
3. strained support services in low-income communities
question
Social Determinants of Health (SdOH)
answer
conditions in which people are born, live, age
question
how to measure health of a population?
answer
mortality, morbidity, life expectanacy
question
What is the pathway of educational attainment related to health outcomes?
answer
pathways are never linear, education is associated with a lot of other factors, one is not separated from the other
question
U.S. has one of the highest
answer
infant mortality rates due to lack of pre/postnatal healthcare access
question
causes of high infant mortality rates in the US
answer
1. congenital malformations (should be picked up during prenatal care, could be caused by env. toxins)
2. low birth weight (highest among blacks)
3. SID
2. low birth weight (highest among blacks)
3. SID
question
Trends of life expectancy at birth (including during COVID)
answer
highest for hispanics for both male and female
steepest decline in a century due to COVID, unintentional injuries (drug overdose)
steepest decline in a century due to COVID, unintentional injuries (drug overdose)
question
Race trends and health conditions (diabetes, renal disease)
answer
hispanic and non-hispanic black adults have higher than average rates of diabetes
end stage renal diseases related to diabetes is highest among black people
end stage renal diseases related to diabetes is highest among black people
question
race trends and health coverage among non elderly population
answer
lowest among colored people (excluding asians)
hence uninsured is highest among American Indian and Alaska Native and Hispanic communities
hence uninsured is highest among American Indian and Alaska Native and Hispanic communities
question
What are the issues with our healthcare system?
answer
lack of...
1. access to care
2. public health resources
3. social services
1. access to care
2. public health resources
3. social services
question
SdOH and COVID
answer
- increase in unemployment
- insurance loss
- schools and daycares closed
- increased calls to domestic violence and abuse hotlines
- concern for childabuse
- insurance loss
- schools and daycares closed
- increased calls to domestic violence and abuse hotlines
- concern for childabuse
question
What drives health disparities during COVID?
answer
underlying health conditions (ex: native american population had at least one risk factor for COVID complications)
question
who was most likely to be vaccinated?
answer
- college educated
- democrats
- higher income earners
- seniors
- democrats
- higher income earners
- seniors
question
Who was most likely to experience the negative impacts of the pandemic?
answer
black and hispanic adults
question
historical development of public health term
answer
- developed in UK, Europe, and US
--> international health- past decades, paternalistic
--> global health- recently, less colonial
--> international health- past decades, paternalistic
--> global health- recently, less colonial
question
What did we lose as a result of disparities during COVID?
answer
LOTS OF MONEY
- $93 billion in excess medical care
- $42 billion in loss of productivity
- $93 billion in excess medical care
- $42 billion in loss of productivity
question
global health
answer
health things that transcend national boundaries addressed by cooperative solutions
question
western communicable diseases
answer
infections as well as elements of western lifestyles
question
health determinants of global health that aren't guessable
answer
1. political stability
2. development stage of country
3. rapid growth
2. development stage of country
3. rapid growth
question
what are sustainable development goals?
answer
made by the UN for 2030
most are drivers of population and public health
most are drivers of population and public health
question
culture
answer
predominating attitude and behavior that characterize the functionings of a group
question
global burden of disease
answer
a resource/tool for informed policy making
tracks predicted changes btwn 2004-30
aging populations in middle/low income countries
tracks predicted changes btwn 2004-30
aging populations in middle/low income countries
question
risk factors of global health
answer
tobacco use
poor sanitation, lack of access to clean water
low condom use
malnutrition
poor sanitation, lack of access to clean water
low condom use
malnutrition
question
what is a driver of economic progress?
answer
health
question
pandemics need to be addressed at the?
answer
prevention level
ex: aging
ex: aging
question
urbanization
answer
energy efficient way to live to decarbonize the economy and decrease the time we spend on the road driving
question
global healthcare spending growth
answer
ex: commonwealth fund, funded to look at international health trends
question
What country spends the most on healthcare than any other well-developed, high income countries?
answer
US
question
What is the ultimate example of global health disparities and inequity?
answer
climate change --> mortality
question
Global Burden of Disease Study
answer
systematic, scientific stiudy that quanitifes comparitive magnitude of health loss from all major diseases, injuries and risk factors
question
What are the new goals for the global burden disease study project?
answer
1. improve estimated of the GBD
2. include other checmial pollutants
3. climate change
4. clarify burden of pollution to make it a societal priority
2. include other checmial pollutants
3. climate change
4. clarify burden of pollution to make it a societal priority
question
what new metrics have been developed for the global burden of disease study?
answer
- years of life lost due to premature mortality
- years lived wit disability
- disability adjusted life years
- health life expectancy
- years lived wit disability
- disability adjusted life years
- health life expectancy
question
Pollutions kills
answer
3 times more than aids, tuberculosis, and malaria combined (16%)
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