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Acid fast
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group of bacteria sharing the characteristic of acid fastness, meaning that once the bacterium is stained, it cannot be decolorized using acids routinely used in the process
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BCG vaccine
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vaccine used to prevent tuberculosis in people who are at high risk of TB or where TB is common and rarely given in the US
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Filamentous
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long strands of bacteria growing end to end, thin in diameter, resembling a thread
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Fluorochrome acid fast stain
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trunant method of staining and used to visualize acid fast bacilli; produces a yellow
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Granuloma
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nodular organized aggregation of inflammatory mononuclear cells, usually infected or uninfected macrophages, surrounded by lymphocytes in periphery
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Intracellular
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inside the cell
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Kinyoun acid fast stain
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used to stain mycobacterium and nocardia
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Leprosy
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contagious disease that affects the skin, caused by mycobacterium
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Modified acid fast
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developed for rapid detection of Mycobacterium
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Mycobacterium avium complex
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bacteria that are very pathogenic and causes lung disease
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Mycobacterium fortuitum
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bacteria that can cause infections of many areas of the body including the skin, lymph nodes, and joints
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Mycobacterium leprae
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bacteria that causes leprosy
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Mycobacterium tuberculosis
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bacteria that causes tuberculosis
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Partially acid fast
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ex: nocardia; bacteria are partially resitant to decolorization by acids during the laboratory staining procedures
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PPD
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purified, protein, derivative, is a precipitate of species-nonspecific molecules obtained by robert koch in 1890
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Prophylaxis
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measure taken to maintain health and prevent the spread of disease
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Rapid growing mycobacteria
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distinctive subset of the atypical or non tuberculous mycobacteria
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Slow growing Mycobacteria
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mycobacteria that form colonies clearly visible to the naked eye in more than 7 days on subculture
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Tuberculosis
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caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis, usually attacking the lungs
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Ziehl-Neelsen acid fast stain
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bacteriological stain used to identify acid-fast organisms
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