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Which of the following is true about the short run?
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All inputs are fixed
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An isoquant is defined by
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Combinations of inputs required to produce a constant quantity of output.
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The slope of an isoquant is
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The Marginal Rate of Technical Substitution
(MRTS)
(MRTS)
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If two inputs are perfect substitutes, the MRTS is:
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A constant
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he slope of an isoquant is:
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Equal to the ratio of marginal products
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An isocost line is defined by:
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Combinations of inputs required to incur constant cost.
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The total costs:
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Increase when output increases
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A cost function is a function of:
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Output and Input prices
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To minimize costs, the marginal product per dollar for each input must be:
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equal.
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MRTS is the
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Slope of an isoquant curve
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MRTS =
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Change in K/Change in L
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If two inputs are perfect substitutes, their MRTS is
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Constant
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The law of diminishing marginal returns states that
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As additional units of inputs are used, total physical product (TPP) will eventually decline
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MPP > APP
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Stage 1
- APP still increasing
- A rational producer would NOT continue
- APP still increasing
- A rational producer would NOT continue
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0 < MPP < APP
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Stage 2
-Best stage
- A rational consumer WOULD continue to operate at this stage
-Best stage
- A rational consumer WOULD continue to operate at this stage
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MPP < 0
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Stage 3
-TPP is decreasing
-A rational producer would NOT continue to operate this stage
-TPP is decreasing
-A rational producer would NOT continue to operate this stage
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TPP
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TPP = Y (Output)
TPP = APP * X
TPP = APP * X
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APP
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APP = TPP/X
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MPP
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MPP = Change in TPP/Change in X
(TPP2 - TPP1) / (X2 - X1)
(TPP2 - TPP1) / (X2 - X1)
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Isocost Line Equation
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TC = (Wage x Labor) + (Rent x K)
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Graph an Isocost
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a Latin phrase that means "all other things held constant"
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ceteris paribus
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Step 1: % change Q / % Change P
Step 2: Change in quantity demanded/average quantity
Step 3: Percentage change in price = Change in price/average price
Step 4: Elasticity
Step 2: Change in quantity demanded/average quantity
Step 3: Percentage change in price = Change in price/average price
Step 4: Elasticity
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Own Price-Elasticity
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As more of a variable resource is added to a given amount of a fixed resource, marginal product eventually declines and could become negative
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Law of Diminishing Marginal Returns
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Quantity is constant in short run regardless of output level
-Land, machinery, livestock, buildings
-Land, machinery, livestock, buildings
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Fixed Input
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Vary in quantity even in short run depending on output
-Fuel, energy, feed, employees
-Fuel, energy, feed, employees
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Variable Input
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All inputs are variable
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Which of the following is true about the long run?
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Corn syrup vs Sugar
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Substitutes in the production of a good
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Constant
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f two inputs are perfect substitutes, their MRTS is:
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-Parallel Lines
-MRTS = 1
-MRTS = 1
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Perfect Substitutes Isocost
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All points on the isoquant line have the save level of output
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Isoquant Line
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-No increase on amount produced unless both inputs increase
- Tractor and plow; you can't have a tractor without the plow
- Tractor and plow; you can't have a tractor without the plow
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Perfect Compliments
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Y(output) = f (function of) (L, K, A)
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Production Function
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