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legislative veto
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A vote in congress to override a presidential decisions. Even though the War Powers Resolution asserts this authority, if it was ever used it is likely that the supreme court would rule it unconstitutional under the separation of powers.
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Sunset Laws
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a law that automatically terminates a regulatory agency, board, or function of government on a certain date, unless renewed.
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Sunshine Laws
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a law requiring certain proceedings of government agencies to be open or available to the public.
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Privatization
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Privatization is the process of transferring an enterprise or industry from the public sector to the private sector. The public sector is the part of the economic system that is run by government agencies.
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Whistleblower Protection Act
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The Whistleblower Protection Act of 1989, Pub.L. 101-12 as amended, is a United States federal law that protects federal whistleblowers who work for the government and report agency misconduct. A whistleblower is a person who exposes any kind of information or activity that is deemed illegal, unethical, or not correct within an organization that is either private or public.
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Freedom of Information Act
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generally provides that any person has the right to request access to federal agency records or information except to the extent the records are protected from disclosure by any of nine exemptions contained in the law or by one of three special law enforcement record exclusions.
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Issues Network
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Issue networks are an alliance of various interest groups and individuals who unite in order to promote a common cause or agenda in a way that influences government policy.
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Office of Personnel Management
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The United States Office of Personnel Management (OPM) is an independent agency of the United States government that manages the civil service of the federal government.
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Executive Agreement
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An international agreement made by the president, without senatorial ratification, with the head of a foreign state. Such agreement does not require Senate approval, although the House and Senate may refuse to appropriate the funds necessary to implement them.
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Executive Privilege
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The right of executive officials to withhold information from or to refuse to appear before a legislative committee. This power can be limited as ruled in United State v Nixon. The Court held that executive privilege could not be used to prevent evidence from being heard in criminal proceedings.
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Executive Order
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A rule or regulation issued by the president that had the effect of law. Executive orders can implement and give administrative effect to provisions in the Constitution, to treaties, and to statutes. Executive order 9066 which authorized the removal of any or all people from military areas "as deemed necessary or desirable."
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INS v Chadha
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Chadha had stayed in the U.S. past his visa deadline. Though Chadha admitted that he was illegal, an immigration judge suspended his deportation. The House of Representatives voted without debate to deport Chadha. The Court held that the Act in question did violate the Constitution. looking back at the Constitutional Convention over issues of bicameralism and separation of powers, Chief Justice Burger decided that even though the Act would have enhanced governmental efficiency, it violated the "explicit constitutional standards" regarding lawmaking and congressional authority. So it was unconstitutional.
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Pendleton Act
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An act that establishes the principle of employment on the basis of merit and created the Civil Service Commission to administer the personnel service. The purpose of the Pendleton Act was to break the Spoils System which had become the 'custom and practice' of presidential administrations.
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Line Item Veto
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Or partial veto, is a special form of veto that authorizes a chief executive to reject particular provisions of a bill enacted by a legislature without vetoing the entire bill. Many governors have this power but the Supreme Court declared line items vetoes for the president unconstitutional.
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Bureaucracy
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A large organization that is structured hierarchically to carry out specific functions.
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Office Management Budget
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A division of the Executive Office of the President. The OMB assists the president in preparing the annual budget, clearing and coordinating department agency budgets, and supervising the administration of the federal budget.
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Cabinet Department
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One of the fifteen departments of the executive branch (State, Treasury, Defense, Justice, Interior, Agriculture, Commerce, Labor, Health, and Human Services, Homeland Security, Housing and Urban Development, Education, Energy, Transportation, and Veterans Affairs.)
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Independent Executive Agency
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A federal agency that is not part of a cabinet department but reports directly to the president.
Examples
Housing and Urban Development
Central Intelligence Agency
Examples
Housing and Urban Development
Central Intelligence Agency
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Independent Regulatory Agency
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An agency outside the major executive departments charged with making and implementing rules and regulations.
Examples
Federal Election Commission
Postal Regulatory Commission
Examples
Federal Election Commission
Postal Regulatory Commission
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Government Corporations
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An agency of government that administers a quasi-business enterprise. These corporations are used when activities are primarily commercial.
Examples
Amtrak
Legal Services Corporation
Examples
Amtrak
Legal Services Corporation
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