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merit system
answer
a system of employment based on qualifications, test scores, and ability, rather than party loyalty
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Pendelton Act
answer
reform measure that established the principle of federal employment on the basis of open, competitive exams and created the Civil Service Commission
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Independent Regulatory Agencies
answer
an entity created by Congress outside a major executive department that regulates a specified interest or economic activity; ex: ICC ??
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Independent Executive Agencies
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governmental units that closely resemble a Cabinet department but have narrower areas of responsibility; perform services rather than regulatory functions
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government corporation
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Business established by Congress to perform functions that can be provided by private businesses; ex: U.S. Postal Service or FDIC
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Hatch Act
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prohibits federal employees from active involvement in political campaigns
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iron triangle/issue networks
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the relatively ironclad relationships and patterns of interaction that occur among agencies, interest groups, and congressional committees or subcommittees
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administrative discretion
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the ability of bureaucrats to make choices concerning the best way to implement congressional or executive intentions
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regulation
answer
rules that govern the operation of all government programs and have the force of law
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rule making
answer
process resulting in regulations that have the characteristics of a legislative act
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administrative adjudication
answer
A bureaucratic agency settles disputes between two parties in a manner similar to the way courts resolve disputes
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