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Independent Regulatory Commission
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an executive branch unit outside of cabinet departments, responsible for developing standards of behavior within specific industries and businesses, monitoring compliance with these standards, and imposing sanctions on violators
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Government Corporation
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an executive branch unit that sells a service and is expected to be financially self-sufficient
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Politics-administration Dichotomy
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the concept that elected government officials, who are accountable to the voters, create and approve public policy, and then competent, politically neutral bureaucrats implement the public policy
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Authorization Law
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a law that provides the plan of action to address a given societal concern and identifies the executive branch unit that will put the plan into effect.
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Appropriation Law
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a law that gives bureaucracies and other government entities the legal authority to spend money
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Administrative Rule Making
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The process by which an independent commission or agency fills in the details of a vague law by formulating, proposing, and approving rules, regulations, and standards that will be enforced to implement the policy.
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Administrative Adjudication
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the process by which agencies resolve disputes over the implementation of their administrative rules