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independent executive agency
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similar to departments, but without cabinet status
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Independent regulatory agency
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Regulate certain economic/political activities
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Government Corporations
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Carries out business like opportunities
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NASA and the CIA are examples of what kind of bureaucratic agency?
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Independent executive agencies
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USPS (United States Postal Service)
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Government corporation
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OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration)
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Independent regulatory agency
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Holding the bureaucracy accountable
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Congress uses its oversight powers, committee hearings and power of the purse
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Whistleblower
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an employee who exposes unethical or illegal conduct within the federal government or one of its contractors
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Whistleblower Protection Act (1989)
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Protects federal workers who report or disclose evidence of illegal or improper government action
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Iron Triangle
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A close relationship between an agency, a congressional committee, and an interest group
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Checks on Bureaucracy
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-congress can limit budgets (power of the purse)
- president can remove secrataries
- judicial review
- president can remove secrataries
- judicial review
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Rulemaking process
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1. Congress enacts a law 2. Agency establishes a rulemaking schedule 3. Agency establishes a docket 4. Develop a concept for regulation 5. Publish proposed regulation in Fed Reg 6. Public hearing 7. Withdraw, make minor revisions or publish final regulation
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Cabinet Departments
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the 15 largest and most influential agencies of the federal bureaucracy