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Agency Capture
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process whereby regulatory agencies come to be protective of and influenced by the industries they were established to regulate
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Appropriations
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funding that must be authorized by Congress for any federal spending
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Authorization of Spending
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These measures state the maximum amount the agency can give on a certain program.
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Civil Service Commission
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created by Pendleton Act to oversee examinations for potential government employees and prevent officials from requiring donations to campaigns
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Committee Clearance
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the ability of a congressional committee to review and approve certain agency decisions in advance and without passing a law
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Competitive v. Excepted Service
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Competition for an appointment vs Being directly chosen for an appointment
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Compliance Monitoring
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making sure the firms and companies that are subject to industry regulations are following those standards and provisions
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Deregulation
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The lifting of government restrictions on business, industry, and professional activities.
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Discretionary Authority
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The ability of a bureaucracy to choose courses of action and make policies not spelled out in advance by laws.
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Entitlement Programs
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Government benefits that certain qualified individuals are entitled to by law
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Federal Register
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publication containing all federal regulations and notifications of regulatory agency hearings
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Freedom of Information Act(1966)
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Gives all citizens the right to inspect all records of federal agencies except those containing military, intelligence, or trade secrets; increases accountability of bureaucracy
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Going Native
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Administrators identifying themselves with the interests of their own departments and promoting such interests contrary to the policy preferences of the President
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government coporation
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An agency of government that administers a quasi-business enterprise. These corporations are used when activities are primarily commercial.
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Hatch Act(1939)
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A federal law prohibiting government employees from active participation in partisan politics.
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Independent Agency
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A government entity that is independent of the legislative, executive, and judicial branches.
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Iron Triangle
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A close relationship between an agency, a congressional committee, and an interest group
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Impoundment
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Presidential refusal to allow an agency to spend funds that Congress authorized and appropriated.
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Issue Networks
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A loose grouping of people and organizations who seek to influence policy formation.
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Legislative Veto
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The ability for Congress to override a bureaucratic decision in a 30 to 90 day period.
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Merit System
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a system of employment based on qualifications, test scores, and ability, rather than party loyalty
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Neutral Competence
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the principle that bureaucracy should be depoliticized by making it more professional
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Notice and Comment Opportunity
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A step in the rule-making process in which proposed rules are published in the Federal Register and made available for debate by the general public.
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Oversight Hearings
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Hearings held by a Congressional Committee to review the performance of an agency
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Patronage
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granting favors or giving contracts or making appointments to office in return for political support
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Pendleton Act
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1883 law that created a Civil Service Commission and stated that federal employees could not be required to contribute to campaign funds nor be fired for political reasons
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Power of the Purse
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The constitutional power of Congress to raise and spend money. Congress can use this as a negative or checking power over the other branches by freezing or cutting their funding.
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Red Tape
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complex bureaucratic rules and procedures that must be followed to get something done
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Rule Making
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the administrative process that results in the issuance of regulations by government agencies
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Senior Executive Service
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An elite group of about 9,000 federal government managers at the top of the civil service system.
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Whistleblowing
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the act of an employee exposing an employer's wrongdoing to outsiders, such as the media or government regulatory agencies
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