question
Define lysogenic
answer
Viral DNA spliced into bacterial chromosome
- slow burn, no lysis
- slow burn, no lysis
question
Define phage
answer
bacterial virus
question
Define prophage
answer
Phage DNA inserted into chromosome
question
What are the 4 common methods of how bacteria transfer DNA?
answer
Conjugation
Transformation
Transduction
Transposons
Transformation
Transduction
Transposons
question
Bacterial conjugation is the sexual exchange of plasmids via ___________
answer
pili
- requires close contact of intact bacteria
- requires close contact of intact bacteria
question
Bacterial transformation is when bacteria take in _____________ from the environment
answer
naked DNA
- requires free DNA in the surrounding media
- requires free DNA in the surrounding media
question
Lederberg and Tatum experiment
answer
Two strains of bacteria exposed to medium lacking X or Y amino acid
- Strain A required AA X
- Strain B required AA Y
If bacteria grow, conjugation (pili) occurred
Cannot be transformation, because they added DNase to cleave free DNA
- Strain A required AA X
- Strain B required AA Y
If bacteria grow, conjugation (pili) occurred
Cannot be transformation, because they added DNase to cleave free DNA
question
Define Episome
answer
A plasmid that can insert itself into the host chromosome
question
How does bacterial transduction occur?
answer
Basically a virus infects a bacteria, then replicates and picks up chunks of bacterial DNA (chromosome) and then is able to infect other bacteria and transfer that information
question
Lytic Cycle viruses transduce __________ host DNA bits
answer
random
question
Lysogenic cycle viruses transduce ________ neighboring genes
answer
specific
question
Lytic phages are called ___________ while Lysogenic Phages are called ____________
answer
virulent....temperate
question
What does the ABCDES mnemonic mean?
answer
Associated bacterial toxins with lysogeny
- GAS
- Botulinum toxin
- cholera toxin
- diphtheria toxin
- EHEC (Verotoxin; Shiga-like toxin)
- Shiga toxin
- GAS
- Botulinum toxin
- cholera toxin
- diphtheria toxin
- EHEC (Verotoxin; Shiga-like toxin)
- Shiga toxin
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