question
gram positive cocci end in _____
answer
"- coccus"
question
staphylococcus is grouped in
answer
clusters
question
staph epidermidis causes disease when
answer
skin penetration
question
most serious staph infection
answer
staph aureus
question
staph aureus route of transmission
answer
skin-to-skin
question
paronychia
answer
staph skin infection affecting the area around the nail
question
impetigo
answer
staph infection causing inflamed skin with pustules that rupture and become crusted; "school sores"
question
boils
answer
inflammation of hair follicles and sebaceous glands caused by staph infection
question
cellulitis
answer
inflammation of cellular or connective tissue caused by staph skin infection
question
coagulase
answer
a bacterial enzyme that causes blood plasma to clot
question
catalase
answer
bacterial enzyme that breaks down/neutralizes hydrogen peroxide
question
lipase
answer
bacterial enzyme that digests fatty cells in skin
question
DNase
answer
bacterial enzyme that breaks down DNA
question
penicillinase
answer
enzyme produced by bacteria that deactivates penicillin
question
exotoxins are released by ____ bacteria
answer
live
question
where do exotoxins cause inflammatory response
answer
remote sites
question
enterotoxin
answer
toxin that damages GI epithelia
question
hemolysin
answer
toxin that lyses red blood cells
question
exfoliative toxin
answer
bacterial toxin that breaks down epidermal tissues
question
toxic shock toxin
answer
toxin that damages internal organs
question
streptococcus appears in
answer
chains
question
what allows streptococcus bacteria to survive harsh environments
answer
endospores
question
strep transmission common in summer
answer
skin infections
question
strep transmission common in winter
answer
respiratory infections
question
strep pyrogens causes _____ infection while strep pneumoniae causes ______
answer
kidney (glomerulonephritis); meningitis
question
where is strep pneumonia normally colonized?
answer
UPPER respiratory tract
question
T/F: strep pneumonia is vaccine preventable
answer
true
question
C-carbohydrate
answer
virulence factor that protects bacteria from host lysosomes
question
Lipoteichoic acid
answer
virulence factor that enables bacteria to adhere to host epithelial cells
question
Hyaluronic acid
answer
virulence factor that helps bacteria form endospores to evade the immune system
question
Streptokinase
answer
virulence factor that dissolves blood clots so bacteria can spread
question
Streptolysin O and S
answer
virulence factor that breaks down RBCs and WBCs
question
enterococcus is grouped in
answer
short chains
question
symptoms of enterococcus infection
answer
fever and murmur
question
clinical manifestations of enterococcus infection
answer
endocarditis, UTIs, colon cancer
question
enterococcus is confirmed with what test?
answer
colonoscopy
question
is Neisarra gram negative or gram positive
answer
gram negative
question
Neisseria replicates within...
answer
neutrophils
question
N. gonorrhoeae route of transmision
answer
sexually or vertically (mom-to-baby)
question
N meningitidis route of transmission
answer
close contact (respiratory droplets)
question
which of the following bacteria has a polysaccharide capsule present?
N. gonorrhoeae
N meningitides
answer
N meningitis
question
which of the following bacteria has a pili present to help with modality
N. gonorrhoeae
N meningitides
answer
N. gonorrhoeae
question
which of the following bacteria is vaccine preventable?
N. gonorrhoeae
N meningitides
answer
N meningitidis
question
N. meningitidis causes which type of disease
answer
CNS diseases
(ex: meningitis and septicemia)
question
T/F: Acinetobacter varies in shape
answer
true
question
where do most Acinetobacter infections occur?
answer
hospitals (due to ventilators or catheters)
question
pneumonia, meningitis, septicemia, cystitis, endocarditis, cellulitis, osteomyelitis are all associated with which bacterial infection?
answer
Acinetobacter
question
characteristics of Helicobacter pylori
answer
spiral shape with a flagella
question
Helicobacter pylori is microaerophilic. What does this mean?
answer
it can survive in environments with limited O2
question
transmission of H. pylori
answer
fecal-oral
question
urease
answer
an enzyme released by H. pylori bacteria that neutralizes gastric acid (causing gastric mucosal injury by ammonia)
question
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)
answer
enzyme produced by H. pylori that helps bacteria adhere to host cells
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