BAS 215 – Microbiology

Which organism is the most common cause of community-acquired penumonia?
a. Staph aureas
b. Strep pneumonia
c. Neisseria meningitidis
d. Chlamydia pneumonia

A thick peptidoglycan layer is characteristic of which division of microorganisms?
a. Bacillus serelius
b. Chlamydia trachomatis
c. Bordatellapertussis
d. Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Gas gangrene is the clinical presentation of which microorganism?
a. C. difficile
b. C. perfinigens
c. C. diphtheria
d. Staph aureus

How does the microaerophile relate to O2?
a. Can't live without it
b. Toxic at high concentrations
c. Will us it if available but doesn't need it
d. Doesn't metabolize it at all

C. Difficile is treated with which of the following?
a) Penicillin
b) Cephalosporins
c) Vancomycin
d) Doxycycline

Which of the following pathogens has the longest incubation period?
a) Legionella pneumophila
b) Bordatella pertussis
c) Neisseria meningitidis
d) Mycobacterium leprae

Patient presents with sx suggestive of pneumonia. Gram staining of the sputum fails to identify the case. What is the most likely pathogen?
a. Legionella pneumophila
b. Streptococcus pneumoniae
c. Mycoplasma pneumoniae
d. Chlamydia pneumoniae

Conjugation refers to:
a. Transfer of genetic material via pilus
b. Transfer of genetic material via bacteriophage
c. Transfer of genetic material from environment
d. Spontaneous mutation

Transduction refers to:
a. Transfer of genetic material via pilus
b. Transfer of genetic material via bacteriophage
c. Transfer of genetic material from environment
d. Spontaneous mutation

Transformation refers to:
a. Transfer of genetic material vis pilus
b. Transfer of genetic material vis bacteriophage
c. Transfer of genetic material from environment
d. Spontaneous mutation

Septicemia with multi-organ hemorrhage that is transmitted by a flea is caused by:
a. Haemophilus influenza
b. Yersinia pestis
c. Rickettsia typhi
d. Staph aureus

Toxic shock syndrome is cause by:
a. Staph pyogens
b. Staph aureus
c. Staph epidermidis
d. Strep agalactiae

Which of the following can cause meningitis?
a) Streptococcus agalactiae
b) Streptococcus mutans
c) Bordatella pertussis
d) Chlamydia pneumonia

Which of the following pathogens is a beta-hemolytic pathogen?

a) Staphylococcus aureus
b) Streptococcus pneumonia
c) Streptococcus agalactiae
d) Staphylococcus saprophyticus

Which of the following pathogens is a alpha-hemolytic pathogen?

a) Staphylococcus aureus
b) Streptococcus pneumonia
c) Streptococcus agalactiae
d) Staphylococcus saprophyticus

Virues:

a) may be intracellular or extracellular
b) are prokaryotic
c) replicate by binary fission
d) all of the above
e) non of the above

Anthrax:

a) is caused by an aerobic bacterium
b) is caused by inhalation of anthrax causing bacterium
d) is caused by a spore-forming bacterium
e) all of the above

"Floppy baby syndrome"

a) is caused by a Gram (-) bacterium
b) is caused by bacillus anthracis
c) is caused by Clostridium botulinum
d) is caused by E. coli
e) A & C

Bacterial Cell Walls:

a) Are composed primarily of peptidoglycan
b) May be distinguished by Gram staining
c) Are present on all types of bacteria
d) A and B
e) A and C

Viruses must be comprised of:
a. Nucleic Acid
b. Ribosomes
c. Capsid
d. Envelope
e. A and C

T/F: cells that are permissive to a virus are also susceptible to that virus

All viruses require of their host:
a. Replication machinery
b. Transcriptional machinery
c. Translational machinery
d. Endocytic machinery
e. A cell-derived envelope

Influenza virus

a) replicates in the cytoplasm
b) bears a genome comprised of a single strand of (-)ssRNA
c) expresses mRNAs which undergo genetic splicing
d) B and C

eukaryotic, unicellular & multi cellular organisms classified based on their life cycle & structure. Most affect the GI tract and blood in humans
a) parasites
b) fungi
c) bacteria
d) virus

eukaryotic, unicellualr & multicellular organisms classified by their location of infection. Most infections are superficial or cutaneous, subcutaneous, & systemic
a) parasites
b) fungi
c) bacteria
d) virus
e) prions

Prokaryotic, unicellular organisms classified by biochemical & morphological characteristics
a) parasites
b) fungi
c) bacteria
d) virus
e) prions

Acellular, non-living organisms with no organelles. They replicate intracellularly, using host & virus machinery. They are classified by nucleic acids and replication strategy.
a) parasites
b) fungi
c) bacteria
d) virus
e) prions

non-living acellular organisms made up of protein
a) parasites
b) fungi
c) bacteria
d) virus
e) prions

bacterial classification based on major genetic differences
a) species
b) strains
c) serotype/serovar

bacterial classification based on genetically distinct characteristics
a) species
b) strains
c) serotype/serovar

bacterial classification based on serologically distinct characteristics
a) species
b) strains
c) serotype/serovar

T/F: strains of the same species of bacteria vary at the genomic level

what substance selects for gram negative bacteria?

How can you classify bacteria?

what does a virus need to survive?

what does a bacterium need to survive?

what are the life cycle stages of a virus?

the entirety of the genetic material in an organism

a molecular unit of hereditary coating information for RNA and/or protien

the production of mRNA from a DNA or RNA template. Requires RNA polymerase enzyme
a) translation
b) transcription

the production of protein from an mRNA template. Requires ribosomes (rRNA), tRNA, and amino acids
a) translation
b) transcription

the ability of a virus to bind to a cellular receptor
a) susceptibility
b) permissivity
c) tropism

the ability of a virus to replicate in a host cell / organism
a) susceptibility
b) permissivity
c) tropism

refers to the range of cells types, tissues or organisms that are both susceptible and permissive to replication
a) susceptibility
b) permissivity
c) tropism

Inhibit DNA replication
a) trimethoprim
b) penicillin
c) cephalosporin
d) quinolones

Inhibit folic acid metabolism
a) trimethoprim
b) penicillin
c) cephalosporin
d) quinolones

Cell wall break down
a) trimethoprim
b) penicillin
c) cephalosporin
d) quinolones

Broad spectrum cell wall break down
a) trimethoprim
b) penicillin
c) cephalosporin
d) quinolones

inhibits fatty acid synthesis
a) isoniazid
b) rifamin
c) dapsone
d) clofazimine

inhibits bacterial transcription
a) isoniazid
b) rifamin
c) dapsone
d) clofazimine

Inhibits folic acid synthesis
a) isoniazid
b) rifamin
c) dapsone
d) clofazimine

Inhibits mycobacterium growth
a) isoniazid
b) rifamin
c) dapsone
d) clofazimine

- Gram (+) cocci
- Organized in grape-like clusters
- Facultative anaerobes

- Commensal & opportunistic pathogen
- Characteristic golden colonies
- Coagulase (+)
a) S. aureus
b) MRSA & VRSA
c) S. epidermis
d) S. saprophyticus

What are the drug resistant S. aureus
a) S. aureus
b) MRSA & VRSA
c) S. epidermis
d) S. saprophyticus

- Commensal of the skin
- Coagulase (-)
- encapsulated
a) S. aureus
b) MRSA & VRSA
c) S. epidermis
d) S. saprophyticus

- coagulase (-)
- Commensal of the genital tract
- Bacterial adhesions promote biofilm formation within the urinary lumen
a) S. aureus
b) MRSA & VRSA
c) S. epidermis
d) S. saprophyticus

- Gram (+) cocci
- organized in chains
- calssified based on hemolytic activity

cause partial hemolysis (green)

Ex. S. pneumonia
a) alpha-hemolytic (streptococcus sp)
b) beta-hemolytic bacteria (streptococcus sp)
c) gamma-hemolytic (streptococcus sp)

cause complete hemolysis (clear)

Ex. S. pyrogens, S. agalactiae
a) alpha-hemolytic (streptococcus sp)
b) beta-hemolytic bacteria (streptococcus sp)
c) gamma-hemolytic (streptococcus sp)

non-hemolytic

ex. enterococcus faecalis
a) alpha-hemolytic (streptococcus sp)
b) beta-hemolytic bacteria (streptococcus sp)
c) gamma-hemolytic (streptococcus sp)

what are the characteristic symptoms of meningitis?

- gram (+) rods, relatively large
- aerobic or facultative anerobic
- spore forming

Which bacillus sp is not spore-forming?
a) lactobacillus
b) clostridium
c) C. tetani
d) Diphtheria toxin

- gram (+) rods
- endospore forming
- anaerobic
a) lactobacillus
b) clostridium
c) C. tetani
d) Diphtheria toxin

which clostridium sp appears as "tennis rackets" uner microscopic examination?
a) lactobacillus
b) clostridium
c) C. tetani
d) Diphtheria toxin

inhibits translational machinery
a) lactobacillus
b) clostridium
c) C. tetani
d) Diphtheria toxin

Which clostridium sp is non-motile?
a) C. perfringes
b) corynerbacterium diphtheria
c) Listeria monocytogenes

- gram (+) polymorphic

a) C. perfringes
b) corynerbacterium diphtheria
c) Listeria monocytogenes

gram (+) rod, facultative anaerobe, pyschotrophic
a) C. perfringes
b) corynerbacterium diphtheria
c) Listeria monocytogenes

- gram (-) diplococci
- coffee bean shape

a) Neisseria sp.
b) Bordetalla pertussis
c) Haemophilus influenzae
d) Yerstinia pestis
e) Chlamydia sp.

- gram (-) coccobacillus, appears singularly or in pairs

a) Neisseria sp.
b) Bordetalla pertussis
c) Haemophilus influenzae
d) Yerstinia pestis
e) Chlamydia sp.

- gram (-) coccobacillus
- most are opportunistic pathogens

a) Neisseria sp.
b) Bordetalla pertussis
c) Haemophilus influenzae
d) Yerstinia pestis
e) Chlamydia sp.

- gram (-) coccobacillus
- facultative anaerobe

a) Neisseria sp.
b) Bordetalla pertussis
c) Haemophilus influenzae
d) Yerstinia pestis
e) Chlamydia sp.

- gram (-) coccobacilli
- obligate intracellular bacteria

a) Neisseria sp.
b) Bordetalla pertussis
c) Haemophilus influenzae
d) Yerstinia pestis
e) Chlamydia sp.

Gram (-) pleiomorphic

a) Legionella pneumonophile
b) Rickettsia sp.
c) Mycobacterium sp.
d) Mycoplasma sp
e) Ureaplasma sp

- Gram (-), pleiomorphic
- aerobic
- obligate intraceluular bacterium

a) Legionella pneumonophile
b) Rickettsia sp.
c) Mycobacterium sp.
d) Mycoplasma sp
e) Ureaplasma sp

- Acid-fast bacterium
- aerobic, non-motile, rod-shaped
- fastidious
- slow growing
- notoriously hearty

a) Legionella pneumonophile
b) Rickettsia sp.
c) Mycobacterium sp.
d) Mycoplasma sp
e) Ureaplasma sp

- Lack cell walls (resistant to many antibiotics)
- smallest known cell
- parasites and commensals of veretrate hosts
- common comonatinants in laboratories

a) Legionella pneumonophile
b) Rickettsia sp.
c) Mycobacterium sp.
d) Mycoplasma sp
e) Ureaplasma sp
f) D & E

- spiral-shaped, double membrane
- anaerobic or microaerophillic
- endoflagella
- Gram (-) cell type wall, but not classified gram stain

a) Spirochaetes sp.
b) sclerotium

The wintering stage of mycelium is known as:

a) Spirochaetes sp.
b) sclerotium

What are the superficial/Cutaneous fungal infections?

a) Tinea
b) sporothrichosis
c) chromoblastomycosis
d) blastomycosis
e) histomycosis

What are the subcutaneous fungal infections?
a) Tinea
b) sporothrichosis
c) chromoblastomycosis
d) blastomycosis
e) histomycosis
f) B & C

What are the systemic fungal infections?
a) Tinea
b) sporothrichosis
c) chromoblastomycosis
d) blastomycosis
e) histomycosis
f) D & E

What are the opportunistic fungal infections?
a) candidaisis
b) cryptococcosis
c) pneumocystosis
d) aspergillosis
e) all of the above

- Unicellular fungi, or unicellular stage of dimorphic fungi.
- Many reproduce by budding.
- Sexual and asexual stages of reproduction

(-)ssRNA, segmented genome
a) Orthomyxovirus
b) Paramyxovirus
c) Rubella virus
d) Coronaviruses
e) C & D

Occurs by random mutation of genetic material
a) antigenic drift
b) antigenic shift

Occurs by reassortment of genetic material

Why can viruses mutate quickly?

(-)ssRNA virus, enveloped

a) Orthomyxovirus
b) Paramyxovirus
c) Rubella virus
d) Coronaviruses
e) C & D

(+)ssRNA

a) Orthomyxovirus
b) Paramyxovirus
c) Rubella virus
d) Coronaviruses
e) C & D

- Large dsRNA virus
- ubiquitous
- infections are often asymptomatic

a) Orthomyxovirus
b) Paramyxovirus
c) Rubella virus
d) Coronaviruses
e) C & D
f) Adenovirus

Which microorganism shows defense against oxygen exposure through free radicals?

a) Clostridium sp.
b) Clostridium botulinum
c) Clostridium difficile

Which species of clostridium expresses superoxide dismutase?

a) Clostridium sp.
b) Clostridium botulinum
c) Clostridium difficile

Which microorganism creates a pseudomembrane in the colon?

a) Clostridium sp.
b) Clostridium botulinum
c) Clostridium difficile

which microorganism creates a pseudomembrane on the tonsil, pharynx, and/or nasal cavity?

a) corynerbacterium diptheria
b) Tinea versicolour

which microorganism presents as "spaghetti & meatballs" with KOH staining?

a) corynerbacterium diptheria
b) Tinea versicolour