BIO205 Exam 3 Boorse

A patient presents himself with lesions of the mucous membranes of nose and throat. While taking his history, you learn he recently helped out his grandfather plant crops on his farm in Southern Mexico. Not long after this trip, he developed a pulmonary infection. From these lesions, you find a fungus growing in a steering wheel formation. What organism is most likely causing his problem?
A. Dermatophyte
B. Candida
C. Paracoccidioides
D. Coccidioides
E. Histoplasmosis

The primary treatment for systemic fungal infections is
A. Amphotericin B
B. Topical anti-fungal agents
C. Acyclovir
D. Tamiflu
E. Penicillin

Dermatophytes
A. grow deep into the living tissue of skin
B. generate lesion called tinea lesions
C. are systemic fungal infections
D. A and B
E. B and C

Which if the following fungal infections is transmitted from person to person?
A. Blastomycosis
B. Aspergillosis
C. Cryptococcosis
D. Dermatophytoses
E. Histoplasmosis

You suspect a fungus is the cause for a lesion on a patient's arm. What media would you choose to culture the suspected fungus?
A. Sabouraud dextose agar
B. Mannitol salt agar
C. Blood agar
D. MacConkey agar
E. None of the above

The long branched tubular filaments of a mold are called
A. Hyphae
B. Sporangium
C. Conidia
D. Mycoses
E. Yeast

You are driving through the desert southwest in a station wagon and get caught in a dust storm. Several weeks later you develop a chronic pulmonary infection that demonstrates the presence of a spherule during a lung biopsy. Which is the best diagnosis?
A. Histoplasmosis
B. Paracoccidioidomycosis
C. Aspergillosis
D. Cryptococcosis
E. Coccidioidomycosis

Fungi
A. are eukaryotes
B. possess a cell wall
C. can be saprophytic
D. B and C
E. A,B and C

A sac containing mold spores is called a(n)
A. Sporangium
B. Thallus
C. Mycelium
D. Conidiospore
E. Dermatophyte

Which of the following fungal pathogens is associated with soils enriched in nutrients due to bird and bat droppings?
A. Histoplasmosis
B. Paracoccidioidomycosis
C. Aspergillosis
D. Cryptococcosis
E. Coccidiodomycosis

After spending hours carving a pumpkin, three days later you notice a large fuzzy mass growing. What would best describe what you see?
A. Mycelium of yeast
B. Hyphae of bacteria
C. Mycelium of mold
D. Spores of mold
E. Septate hyphae of mold

Azole drugs work by
A. Binding to ergosterol in fungal cell wall
B. Binding to ergosterol in fungal cell membrane
C. Blocking synthesis of ergosterols
D. Disrupting synthesis of fungal cell wall

True fungal pathogens
A. are acquired through inhalation
B. grow like yeast within humans
C. often begin as pulmonary infections
D. all of the above

Viral shape most often describes which of the following parts of a virus?
A. Envelope
B. Capsid
C. Nucleic Acid
D. Capsomere
E. Spikes

A virus that lacks an envelope is called a(n) ___________ virus
A. Naked
B. Empty
C. Uncoated
D. Dimorphic
E. None of the above

Which of the following is the first and most important way viruses are classified?
A. Type of nucleic acid that makes their genome.
B. Whether a virus is enveloped or not
C. Polyhedral or helical infect
D. the type of cell they infect
E. non of the above

Host specificity (and the ability to invade a cell) of a virus is due to
A. particular genes that it shares with the infected cell
B. interactions between viral and cellular surface molecules
C. the presence of an envelope
D. differences in size between the virus and the host cell
E. the presence or absence of a cell wall on the host cell

After infecting the host cell, the initial intracellular state of a virus is solely
A. Lipid
B. Protein
C. Nucleic acid
D. B and C
E. A and C

After a virion enters a host cell, the process of removing the capsid is called
A. Uncapping
B. Exocytosis
C. Budding
D. Uncoating
E. None of the above

The proteins that are used to build the viral protein coat are called
A. Spikes
B. Aptameres
C. Capsomeres
D. Viromeres
E. None of the above

Put the following stages of a lytic replication cycle in order, from earliest to latest stages:
I. Synthesis
II. Assembly
III. Attachment
IV. Release
V. Entry

A. III, V, I, II, IV
B. III, II, V, I, IV
C. V, III, II, IV, I
D. I, III, V, II, IV
E. I, II, III, V, IV

Humans herpes virus 3 can remain latent within
A. Sensory neurons
B. Motor neurons
C. Dermatome cells
D. Liver cells
E. Epidermal cells

Which of the following best describes varicella-zoster virus?
A. Enveloped, helical, RNA virus
B. Enveloped, polyhedral, DNA virus
C. No envelope, helical, RNA virus
D. No envelope, polyhedral, DNA virus

You have a patient that has a painful rash that is localized along a dermatome. Which of the following microbes is most likely responsible for their symptoms?
A. HIV
B. Varicella-Zoster Virus
C. Paracoccodioides
D. Dermatophytes
E. Staphylococcus

Which of the following enzymes is responsible for maturation of HIV into infectious virions?
A. protease
B. reverse transcriptase
C. integrase
D. helicase

The HIV protein gp41 is important for
A. uncoating
B. membrane fusion
C. attachment to cell
D. budding
E. endocytosis

Reverse transcriptase
A. makes RNA from proteins
B. makes DNA from proteins
C. makes proteins from DNA
D. makes RNA from DNA
E. makes DNA from RNA

HIV primarily infects which of the following cells
A. macrophages
B. sensory neurons
C. cytotoxic T-cells
D. helper T-cells
E. none of the above

In which of the following do the mucous membranes serve as a portal of entry for disease?
A. a pathogen crosses from the mother to the fetus by way of the placenta
B. a pathogen is introduced into the body when the person rubs the eye with contaminated fingers and the pathogen is washed into the nasal cavity by way of tears
C. a person is bitten by a mosquito that carries the malaria parasite
D. fungi digest the outer layer of the skin
E. a person receives an injection with a contaminated needle

Which of the following locations contain resident microbiota?
A. placenta
B. blood
C. cerebral spinal fluid
D. urinary tract
E. none of the above

Which of the following statements about our microbiota is TRUE?
A. it begins to develop in the womb
B. microbiota organisms are considered transient if they are present throughout one's life
C. microbiota organism can cause disease if they are introduced to locations within our body where they are not normally found
D. A and B
E. none of the above

In epidemiology, the number of new cases of a disease in a given area during a certain time is called disease _____________.
A. prevalence
B. occurrence
C. incidence
D. none of the above

A nosocomial disease is a disease acquired
A. by being bitten by an infected insect
B. by eating contaminated food
C. by using a contaminated needle
D. in a health care facility
E. by having unprotected sexual intercourse

A zoonotic disease
A. is disease that has an animal reservoir
B. can be transmitted by eating animals
C. can be transmitted by blood sucking arthropods (insects)
D. A and B
E. A, B, and C

Which of the following would be classified as a symptom of a disease?
A. Neck pain
B. Temperature
C. Bloody Sputum
D. Swollen lymph nodes
E. None of the above

Which of the following stages of an infectious disease is characterized by vague, general symptoms?
A. the incubation period
B. the prodromal period
C. the illness period
D. the decline period
E. the convalescence period

An enzyme that some bacteria have to make clots
A. Hemaglutinase
B. Collagenase
C. Kinase
D. Coagulase
E. Clotase

Bacterial proteins that serve as adhesion factors are called
A. Kinases
B. Affixins
C. Adhesins
D. Linker proteins
E. Connectins

Bacteria collected from a severely inflamed wound are sent to the lab for analysis. The results come back as follows: Gram-positive cocci in irregular cluster, kinase and coagulase positive. The bacteria in the wound are most likely
A. Bacillus anthracis
B. Staphylococcus epidermidis
C. Staphylococcus aureus
D. Streptococcus pyogenes

You identify a gram-negative rod in the blood of a patient. What bacterial characteristics would cause you to conclude it is a member of the Enterobacteriacea group?
A. Glucose fermenter, oxidase positive, reduces nitrate to nitrite
B. Glucose nonfermenter, oxidase positive, reduces nitrate to nitrite
C. Glucose fermenter, oxidase negative, reduces nitrate to nitrite
D. Lactose fermenter, oxidase negative, reduces nitrate to nitrite
E. Lactose fermenter, oxidase positive, reduces nitrate to nitrite

Which of the following organisms can produce an endotoxin?
A. Staphylococcus
B. E.coli
C. Streptococcus
D. B and C
E. A, B and C

Which of the following statements about Enterobacteriacea classification is FALSE?
A. Coliforms are part of the normal microbiota and may be opportunistic pathogens
B. Non-coliforms are lactose fermenters
C. Identification of enteric bacteria in fecal sample is sure sign of infection
D. Good personal hygiene and proper sewage control are important in limiting the risk of infection caused by enterics
E. B and C

E. coli O157:H7 is best classified as
A. Enteropathogenic
B. Entertoxiigenic
C. Enterohemorrphagic
D. Enterovirulent

Stephanie suspects that her daughter has strep throat. Throat swab confirms the presence of Group A strep. Which organism is causing the disease?
A. Streptococcus agalactaie
B. Streptococcus mitis
C. Streptococcus aureus
D. Streptococcus viridens
E. Streptococcus pyogens

Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)
A. is caused by the presence of collagenase in bacteria
B. is the formation of blood clots within blood vessels
C. is caused when enterotoxin in the outer membrane is released from dead gram negative bacteria
D. B and C
E. A,B and C

Which of the following best describes the capsule of Streptococcus pyogenes
A. It is made of hyaluronic acid, camouflaging bacteria from our immune system
B. it is made of "slippery" molecules making it difficult for phagocytic cells to bind
C. it protects bacteria from lysosome digestive enzymes allowing bacteria to survive within phagocytic cells
D. it is made of collagen, camouflaging bacteria from out immune system
E. none fo the above

Streptococci are frequently classified by
A. the bacteria's Lancefield antigen
B. the type of enzymes that bacteria produce
C. their staining properties
D. their ability to produce catalase
E. the diseases they produce

Fomites are
A. insects that transmit pathogens from an infected host to a noninfected host
B. inanimate objects involved in the indirect contact transmission of pathogens
C. fecal material from infected hosts
D. animal sources for human pathogens
E. silent carriers of infectious diseases