normal body temp it grows
acidophiles
will die if O2 isn't present
loves the cold
deep oceans
Incubator
1. atmosphere
2. moisture
3. temp
4. O2 level
5. CO2 levels
-identify
-rest antimicrobial agents
- produce vaccines
to preserve species and test nutritional needs
syphilis and leperosy
allows gram-negative bacteria to grow but inhibits gram positive bacteria growth
kill all pathogens
surgical asepsis
kill all microbes
chemotherapy
any chemical used to treat any disease / condition, chemical / medication
- damages cell membranes
- inhibits cell wall synthesis
- inhibits DNA synthesis
- inhibits protein synthesis
What don't antimicrobial agents do?
destroy mitochondria
destroy capsule
coping genes
DNA mutations
cell membrane / cell receptors
Receiving genes that
- create an enzyme that attacks the antibiotic
- create a pump to pump the drugs out
Md looks at when deciding medication:
- allergies
- cumorbidities
- cost of med
- pregnant
- other meds
Md doesn't look at
weight
sexually active
Where should there be no indigenous microbiota?
biofilms
plaque, endocarditis, hair clog in sink
- resist to antibiotics, disinfectants, host defense
- multiple microbes grow it biofilms
- cause variety of disease
rickerisia
- therapeutic protecting (insulin)
- vaccines (DNA based)
- vitamines
- insecticides
- foods, beers ,wines
- sewage treatment
- genetic engineering
- antibiotics / medications
who is john snow?
mortality rate
number of people who died from disease
specific point in time
period prevalence
cases during a specific time
incidence
new cases
epidemic
greater number of cases in specific area in short time
pandemic
endemic
what epidemics killed native americans?
skin to skin then respiratory
common cold
malaria
aerosol inhalation
not present on admit after 24 hours... 14 days after discharge
E. coli, C. diff, staph, klebsialla pheymoniac
protective versus isolation rooms
contagious patient or airborne infection
proper selection, collection - enough transport
histopathy
morgue
cytogenetics
chemistry
hematology
blood bank
Neurotoxins
tetanis
botulism
exotoxins
what aren't neurotoxins
gram neg bacteria
hemolysin
Stages of disease
1. Incubation
2. Prodromal
3. Illness
4. Convalescence
5. recovery
dissolve clots
coagulase
promote clots
necrotizing
pathogenicity
causes fever, slow growth rate or pathogens
interferons
macrophages / neutrophils
phagocytes
bind to forgien stuff and attack phagocytes
complete nutritional requirements uses enriched media
5-10% atmosphere carbon dioxide and temp 35-37%
chemically defined medium
a growth medium suitable for the cell culture of human or animal cells of which all the chemical component are known
Incubator term: lag, stationary
lag: phase 1 - bacteria absorb nutrients, synthesize enzymes, and prepare for cell division
stationary: phase 2 - toxic waste builds up, division slows, greater population at this phase
Sterilizers that use steam under pressure to kill all forms of bacteria on fomites
How: pressure raises temp of boiling water steam into materials at 121.5C for 20 minutes
Reservoirs of infection
sites where organisms can maintain their ability to infect
pg. 197-198
virulent factor of bacteria
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