question
Do upper respiratory or lower respiratory tract infections have greater severity?
answer
Lower Respiratory Tract Infections (due to gas exchange being compromised)
question
Which bacteria?
Gram positive rod "Chinese characters"
Facultative anaerobe
metachromatic granules
Gram positive rod "Chinese characters"
Facultative anaerobe
metachromatic granules
answer
Corynebacterium Diptheriae
question
How is Corynebacterium diphtheria spread?
answer
Respiratory droplets
question
What is the mechanism of Diptheria toxin?
answer
Toxin inhibits protein synthesis in EUK cells
inactivates EF2, inhibits translation, causing local tissue destruction
inactivates EF2, inhibits translation, causing local tissue destruction
question
Sign vs. symptom
answer
Sign- physical
Symptom- feeing
Symptom- feeing
question
What are the signs and symptoms of C. diphtheria?
answer
fever, fatigue, sore throat, NECK SWELLING, airway obstruction PSEUDOMEMBRANE FORMATION, skin rash (similar to impetigo), death may occur from respiratory obstruction or cardiac failure
question
What is the treatment of C. Diphtheriae?
answer
Antitoxin- prevent damage to other organs
Antibiotics- Penicillin or Erythromycin
Antibiotics- Penicillin or Erythromycin
question
What is used for prevention of C. Diphtheriae?
answer
DTaP vaccine (10 year intervals)
question
What are the significant species of Haemophilus?
answer
H. Influenzae and H. ducreyi
question
Which Haemophilus species are children under 5 years most susceptible to?
answer
H. influenza
question
What is the mechanism of Haemophilus influenzae?
answer
organisms produces IgA protease that decreases secretory IgA (protects mucosal surfaces), which facilitates colonization of the URT
question
Which bacteria?
Gram negative rod
Non-motile
Polyribophosphate capsule
Requires Factor X/ Factor V for growth (fastidious; grows on chocolate agar)
Gram negative rod
Non-motile
Polyribophosphate capsule
Requires Factor X/ Factor V for growth (fastidious; grows on chocolate agar)
answer
H. influenzae
question
Productive cough (blood-tinged, pink or rusty sputum) is indicative of what bacteria?
answer
Streptococcus pneumoniae
question
Which bacteria?
Gram positive diplococci
Facultative anaerobe
Alpha hemolytic
Encapsulated
Gram positive diplococci
Facultative anaerobe
Alpha hemolytic
Encapsulated
answer
Streptococcus pneumoniae
question
Which bacteria are transmitted by respiratory droplets?
answer
S. pneumoniae
H. influenzae
Corynebacterium diptheria
H. influenzae
Corynebacterium diptheria
question
What is the etiological organism in typical lobular pneumonia?
answer
Streptococcus pneumoniae
question
Which Bordetella special are motile?
answer
B. pertussis and B. bronchiseptica
question
What is the causative agent of whooping cough?
answer
Bordetella spp. (pertussis)
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