question
Environmental laws are administered at the federal level by the __________.
A) Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
B) Pollution Control Board
C) Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA)
D) Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)
E) World Commission on Environment and Development (WCED)
A) Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
B) Pollution Control Board
C) Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA)
D) Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)
E) World Commission on Environment and Development (WCED)
answer
A) Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
question
Regarding an environmental impact statement (EIS), which of the following statements is true?
A) An EIS is optional for recommendations or reports on proposals for legislation and other major federal actions significantly affecting the quality of the human environment.
B) An EIS should include technical jargon to explain all the points mentioned in the statement.
C) An EIS can be in any language as long as it is clear and to the point.
D) An EIS is a detailed statement that estimates the environmental impact of the proposed action.
E) The National Environmental Policy Act requires that federal agencies follow the conclusions of the EIS.
A) An EIS is optional for recommendations or reports on proposals for legislation and other major federal actions significantly affecting the quality of the human environment.
B) An EIS should include technical jargon to explain all the points mentioned in the statement.
C) An EIS can be in any language as long as it is clear and to the point.
D) An EIS is a detailed statement that estimates the environmental impact of the proposed action.
E) The National Environmental Policy Act requires that federal agencies follow the conclusions of the EIS.
answer
D) An EIS is a detailed statement that estimates the environmental impact of the proposed action.
question
An environmental impact statement __________.
A) must include available alternatives to the proposed action
B) must include economic profits that can be guaranteed from the organization's action
C) must include a statement of any reversible use of resources
D) must include technical jargon for better understanding of the statement
E) must be included in most recommendations or reports on proposals for legislation affecting the environment
A) must include available alternatives to the proposed action
B) must include economic profits that can be guaranteed from the organization's action
C) must include a statement of any reversible use of resources
D) must include technical jargon for better understanding of the statement
E) must be included in most recommendations or reports on proposals for legislation affecting the environment
answer
A) must include available alternatives to the proposed action
question
Environmental impact statements became a requirement for federal agencies when the __________ took effect.
A) National Environmental Policy Act
B) Department of the Environment Act
C) Clean Water Act
D) Marine Protection, Research, and Sanctuaries Act
E) Waste and Resource Reclamation Act
A) National Environmental Policy Act
B) Department of the Environment Act
C) Clean Water Act
D) Marine Protection, Research, and Sanctuaries Act
E) Waste and Resource Reclamation Act
answer
A) National Environmental Policy Act
question
The __________ has limited the length of environmental impact statements to __________ pages, except in unusual circumstances.
A) National Environmental Council; 100
B) Council on Environmental Quality; 150
C) Department of Justice; 300
D) Environmental Protection Agency; 500
E) Department of the Environment; 1000
A) National Environmental Council; 100
B) Council on Environmental Quality; 150
C) Department of Justice; 300
D) Environmental Protection Agency; 500
E) Department of the Environment; 1000
answer
B) Council on Environmental Quality; 150
question
The National Environmental Policy Act __________.
A) demands that all state agencies prepare an environmental impact statement prior to taking certain actions
B) ensures that the Clean Air Act and the Clean Water Act do not contain provisions related to government suits to recover costs for the cleanup of toxic chemicals
C) establishes a single piece of legislation that comprehensively controls radiation pollution
D) imposes specific duties on all state agencies, but not on federal agencies
E) institutes a national policy to encourage a productive and enjoyable harmony with nature
A) demands that all state agencies prepare an environmental impact statement prior to taking certain actions
B) ensures that the Clean Air Act and the Clean Water Act do not contain provisions related to government suits to recover costs for the cleanup of toxic chemicals
C) establishes a single piece of legislation that comprehensively controls radiation pollution
D) imposes specific duties on all state agencies, but not on federal agencies
E) institutes a national policy to encourage a productive and enjoyable harmony with nature
answer
E) institutes a national policy to encourage a productive and enjoyable harmony with nature
question
Scoping, a regulatory guideline to aid the environmental impact statement, involves __________.
A) designating specific geographic areas that a contemplated action will affect
B) designating which environmental issues of a contemplated action are most significant
C) estimating the specific population that a contemplated action will affect
D) preparing informal impact statements that will address all environmental issues of a contemplated action
E) specifying a backup plan should a contemplated action cause unforeseeable damage
A) designating specific geographic areas that a contemplated action will affect
B) designating which environmental issues of a contemplated action are most significant
C) estimating the specific population that a contemplated action will affect
D) preparing informal impact statements that will address all environmental issues of a contemplated action
E) specifying a backup plan should a contemplated action cause unforeseeable damage
answer
B) designating which environmental issues of a contemplated action are most significant
question
The director of Homeland Security has exercised authority to create exceptions to the National Environmental Policy Act requirements to allow the __________.
A) creation of a single piece of legislation that comprehensively controls radiation pollution
B) suspension of the Clean Air Act and the Clean Water Act restrictions in and around domestic military bases
C) suspension of the Endangered Species Act restrictions when animal and plant life is affected during necessary military training maneuvers
D) building of a fence between the United States and Mexico
E) building of nuclear power plants around protected areas of the United States
A) creation of a single piece of legislation that comprehensively controls radiation pollution
B) suspension of the Clean Air Act and the Clean Water Act restrictions in and around domestic military bases
C) suspension of the Endangered Species Act restrictions when animal and plant life is affected during necessary military training maneuvers
D) building of a fence between the United States and Mexico
E) building of nuclear power plants around protected areas of the United States
answer
E) building of nuclear power plants around protected areas of the United States
question
Which of the following is not a responsibility of the Environmental Protection Agency?
A) Conducting research on the harmful impact of pollution
B) Assisting state governments in controlling pollution
C) Advising the Council on Environmental Quality (CEQ) on new policies
D) Gathering information on present pollution problems
E) Administering state pollution laws
A) Conducting research on the harmful impact of pollution
B) Assisting state governments in controlling pollution
C) Advising the Council on Environmental Quality (CEQ) on new policies
D) Gathering information on present pollution problems
E) Administering state pollution laws
answer
E) Administering state pollution laws
question
Clean air standards designed to protect against air pollution effects such as injury to property, vegetation, and climate are called __________ air quality standards.
A) primary
B) secondary
C) principal
D) tertiary
E) premium
A) primary
B) secondary
C) principal
D) tertiary
E) premium
answer
B) secondary
question
Regarding the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), which of the following statements is true?
A) It demands that all state agencies prepare an environmental impact statement prior to taking certain actions.
B) It is usually beyond its scope to administer federal laws.
C) It coordinates public control of private action as it affects the environment at the federal level.
D) It administers a single piece of legislation that comprehensively controls radiation pollution.
E) It administers local laws relating to the sale of medicines and drugs at lower rates
A) It demands that all state agencies prepare an environmental impact statement prior to taking certain actions.
B) It is usually beyond its scope to administer federal laws.
C) It coordinates public control of private action as it affects the environment at the federal level.
D) It administers a single piece of legislation that comprehensively controls radiation pollution.
E) It administers local laws relating to the sale of medicines and drugs at lower rates
answer
C) It coordinates public control of private action as it affects the environment at the federal level.
question
Which of the following statements is true of the Clean Air Act?
A) Under the act, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) sets national ambient air quality standards and the states devise implementation plans.
B) Criminal sanctions for violations of the act by individuals result in a fine of up to $1,000,000 or life imprisonment.
C) The principal responsibility for enforcing the act lies with individuals and nongovernmental organizations.
D) The scope of the act limits it from setting any secondary air quality standards.
E) The states are given complete control and autonomy over formulation and implementation of plans under the Clean Air Act.
A) Under the act, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) sets national ambient air quality standards and the states devise implementation plans.
B) Criminal sanctions for violations of the act by individuals result in a fine of up to $1,000,000 or life imprisonment.
C) The principal responsibility for enforcing the act lies with individuals and nongovernmental organizations.
D) The scope of the act limits it from setting any secondary air quality standards.
E) The states are given complete control and autonomy over formulation and implementation of plans under the Clean Air Act.
answer
A) Under the act, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) sets national ambient air quality standards and the states devise implementation plans.
question
Under the Clean Air Act, criminal sanctions for individuals can include imprisonment for up to __________.
A) 5 years
B) 7 years
C) 10 years
D) 15 years
E) 25 years
A) 5 years
B) 7 years
C) 10 years
D) 15 years
E) 25 years
answer
D) 15 years
question
For control purposes, the Clean Air Act amendments divide air pollution into the categories of __________ sources.
A) suburban and rural
B) stationary and mobile
C) commercial and residential
D) urban and industrial
E) organic and inorganic
A) suburban and rural
B) stationary and mobile
C) commercial and residential
D) urban and industrial
E) organic and inorganic
answer
B) stationary and mobile
question
The Environmental Protection Agency has traditionally regulated each __________, which is a specific site of pollution emission within an industrial plant or complex.
A) emissions reduction bank
B) urban runoff
C) line source
D) point source
E) bubble concept
A) emissions reduction bank
B) urban runoff
C) line source
D) point source
E) bubble concept
answer
D) point source
question
Under the __________, the pollution of the plant complex as a whole is the focus of regulation.
A) scoping concept
B) novation concept
C) line source concept
D) point source concept
E) bubble concept
A) scoping concept
B) novation concept
C) line source concept
D) point source concept
E) bubble concept
answer
E) bubble concept
question
A stationary source polluter may utilize control devices, such as __________, to achieve designated standards.
A) short stacks
B) water jets
C) catalytic converters
D) electrostatic precipitators
E) dry collectors
A) short stacks
B) water jets
C) catalytic converters
D) electrostatic precipitators
E) dry collectors
answer
D) electrostatic precipitators
question
Under emissions reduction banking, Congress specifically allows utility companies to __________.
A) avoid cost-benefit analysis in their approaches to pollution control
B) focus on secondary air quality standards, rather than primary air quality standards
C) sell pollution reductions to other companies as emission offsets
D) increase emissions and pollute beyond what the law requires
E) reduce efficiency by offering pollution rights to those who have the lowest need for them
A) avoid cost-benefit analysis in their approaches to pollution control
B) focus on secondary air quality standards, rather than primary air quality standards
C) sell pollution reductions to other companies as emission offsets
D) increase emissions and pollute beyond what the law requires
E) reduce efficiency by offering pollution rights to those who have the lowest need for them
answer
C) sell pollution reductions to other companies as emission offsets
question
The __________ approach refers to pollution control system under which the right to discharge a certain pollutant would be auctioned off to the highest bidder.
A) point-source
B) bubble concept
C) cap and trade
D) novation
E) marketable rights
A) point-source
B) bubble concept
C) cap and trade
D) novation
E) marketable rights
answer
E) marketable rights
question
Under the __________ approach, businesses can cut pollution beyond what the law requires and keep these reductions for their own future use.
A) cap and trade
B) bubble concept
C) emissions reduction banking
D) point-source
E) marketable rights
A) cap and trade
B) bubble concept
C) emissions reduction banking
D) point-source
E) marketable rights
answer
C) emissions reduction banking
question
Efficient pollution control approaches provide businesses with economic incentives that are not available if they simply rely on __________.
A) the bubble concept
B) command and control
C) emissions reduction banking
D) cap and trade
E) marketable rights
A) the bubble concept
B) command and control
C) emissions reduction banking
D) cap and trade
E) marketable rights
answer
B) command and control
question
Using __________ issued by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), polluters can engage in a family of alternative operating scenarios without the expensive delay of obtaining new permits per the previous EPA requirements.
A) emissions reduction banking credits
B) marketable rights
C) remediation
D) superfunds
E) smart permits
A) emissions reduction banking credits
B) marketable rights
C) remediation
D) superfunds
E) smart permits
answer
E) smart permits
question
The estimated time needed to acquire the necessary permits to build a coal-fired electric generating plant is __________.
A) one to two years
B) six to nine months
C) five to ten years
D) three to four years
E) two to three years
A) one to two years
B) six to nine months
C) five to ten years
D) three to four years
E) two to three years
answer
C) five to ten years
question
Thermal effluents consist of __________.
A) heated air industry discharges into the atmosphere
B) heated water industry discharges into rivers and lakes
C) naturally occurring warm water tides that affect the weather
D) solid industrial waste that produces heat creating landfill-related pollution
E) heated pollutants industry releases from gas chambers to the atmosphere
A) heated air industry discharges into the atmosphere
B) heated water industry discharges into rivers and lakes
C) naturally occurring warm water tides that affect the weather
D) solid industrial waste that produces heat creating landfill-related pollution
E) heated pollutants industry releases from gas chambers to the atmosphere
answer
B) heated water industry discharges into rivers and lakes
question
Under the Clean Water Act, industries must take a two-step approach to the cleanup of industrial wastes, first installing best practicable technology and second installing __________.
A) wet collectors
B) scrubbers
C) electromagnetic precipitators
D) best affordable technology
E) best available technology
A) wet collectors
B) scrubbers
C) electromagnetic precipitators
D) best affordable technology
E) best available technology
answer
E) best available technology
question
Which of the following acts administered by the Environmental Protection Agency requires a permit system for the discharge or dumping of various materials into the seas?
A) The Marine Protection, Research, and Sanctuaries Act of 1972
B) The Safe Drinking Water Act of 1974
C) The Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act
D) The Toxic Substances Control Act
E) The Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
A) The Marine Protection, Research, and Sanctuaries Act of 1972
B) The Safe Drinking Water Act of 1974
C) The Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act
D) The Toxic Substances Control Act
E) The Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
answer
A) The Marine Protection, Research, and Sanctuaries Act of 1972
question
Which of the following statements is true of the Clean Water Act?
A) It was passed in accordance with the Toxic Substances Control Act in the year 1975.
B) It is beyond the scope of the act to set laws pertaining to the recreational use of waterways.
C) It applies to navigable interstate and intrastate waterways.
D) The criminal penalties of the act cover any unpermitted point-source pollution of navigable waterways.
E) The penalties under the act are predominantly insubstantial.
A) It was passed in accordance with the Toxic Substances Control Act in the year 1975.
B) It is beyond the scope of the act to set laws pertaining to the recreational use of waterways.
C) It applies to navigable interstate and intrastate waterways.
D) The criminal penalties of the act cover any unpermitted point-source pollution of navigable waterways.
E) The penalties under the act are predominantly insubstantial.
answer
C) It applies to navigable interstate and intrastate waterways.
question
Which of the following statements is true of the Clean Water Act?
A) It sets goals to eliminate water pollution.
B) It directs the Environmental Protection Agency to set maximum drinking water contaminant levels.
C) It mandates permits to discharge pollutants from non-point source.
D) It mandates permits for industrial, but exempts municipal, dischargers.
E) It regulates non-point source pollution.
A) It sets goals to eliminate water pollution.
B) It directs the Environmental Protection Agency to set maximum drinking water contaminant levels.
C) It mandates permits to discharge pollutants from non-point source.
D) It mandates permits for industrial, but exempts municipal, dischargers.
E) It regulates non-point source pollution.
answer
A) It sets goals to eliminate water pollution.
question
For the Department of Interior, the Endangered Species Act is administered by the __________.
A) Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act of 1947
B) Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
C) Toxic Substances Control Act
D) Federal Environmental Pesticide Control Act of 1972 (FEPCA)
E) Fish and Wildlife Services and the National Marine Fisheries Services
A) Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act of 1947
B) Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
C) Toxic Substances Control Act
D) Federal Environmental Pesticide Control Act of 1972 (FEPCA)
E) Fish and Wildlife Services and the National Marine Fisheries Services
answer
E) Fish and Wildlife Services and the National Marine Fisheries Services
question
Regarding the Endangered Species Act (ESA), which of the following statements is true?
A) The act was passed in the year 1952 under the guidelines given by the panel on the Council on Environmental Quality.
B) The scope of the act is limited to private businesses.
C) The act does not allow courts or regulators to take economic factors into consideration in applying its provisions.
D) The act limits its scope to protection with no recovery plans for the species it protects.
E) The act provides for exemptions that are applicable to private activities for certain important federal projects.
A) The act was passed in the year 1952 under the guidelines given by the panel on the Council on Environmental Quality.
B) The scope of the act is limited to private businesses.
C) The act does not allow courts or regulators to take economic factors into consideration in applying its provisions.
D) The act limits its scope to protection with no recovery plans for the species it protects.
E) The act provides for exemptions that are applicable to private activities for certain important federal projects.
answer
C) The act does not allow courts or regulators to take economic factors into consideration in applying its provisions.
question
Under the Endangered Species Act, the right to declare a species as endangered rests with the __________.
A) director of the Environmental Protection Agency
B) governors of states where the species habitat is located
C) Secretary of the Interior
D) president
E) upper house of the U.S Congress
A) director of the Environmental Protection Agency
B) governors of states where the species habitat is located
C) Secretary of the Interior
D) president
E) upper house of the U.S Congress
answer
C) Secretary of the Interior
question
Which of the following statements is true of the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act?
A) It requires the registration and labeling of agricultural pesticides.
B) It requires the licensing of operators using pesticides.
C) It prohibits the use of pesticides near schools.
D) It considers the economic and environmental costs and benefits of the use of any pesticide, but neglects the social impact.
E) It applies to pesticides that U.S. manufacturers ship to foreign countries
A) It requires the registration and labeling of agricultural pesticides.
B) It requires the licensing of operators using pesticides.
C) It prohibits the use of pesticides near schools.
D) It considers the economic and environmental costs and benefits of the use of any pesticide, but neglects the social impact.
E) It applies to pesticides that U.S. manufacturers ship to foreign countries
answer
A) It requires the registration and labeling of agricultural pesticides.
question
Under the Solid Waste Disposal Act, the federal role in nontoxic waste management is to __________.
A) provide strict guidelines for landfill composition
B) promote research and provide technical and financial assistance to the states
C) waive standards regarding other pollution that arises as a result of solid waste management
D) grant tax breaks for industries using recycled materials
E) provide for the storage, transfer, and disposal of non-toxic waste material
A) provide strict guidelines for landfill composition
B) promote research and provide technical and financial assistance to the states
C) waive standards regarding other pollution that arises as a result of solid waste management
D) grant tax breaks for industries using recycled materials
E) provide for the storage, transfer, and disposal of non-toxic waste material
answer
B) promote research and provide technical and financial assistance to the states
question
Which of the following statements is true of the problem of solid waste?
A) Half of all solid waste produced in the U.S is industrial waste.
B) Residential waste is the highest contributor of solid waste in the U.S.
C) Solid waste pollution problems have decreased during the last 25 years.
D) The Clean Air Act is inapplicable in cases where solid waste has been burned.
E) Landfills are the primary disposal sites for most household and business solid wastes.
A) Half of all solid waste produced in the U.S is industrial waste.
B) Residential waste is the highest contributor of solid waste in the U.S.
C) Solid waste pollution problems have decreased during the last 25 years.
D) The Clean Air Act is inapplicable in cases where solid waste has been burned.
E) Landfills are the primary disposal sites for most household and business solid wastes.
answer
E) Landfills are the primary disposal sites for most household and business solid wastes.
question
The primary federal effort in solid waste control is represented by the __________.
A) Waste and Resource Reclamation Act
B) Solid Waste Disposal Act
C) Landfill Management Act
D) National Environmental Policy Act
E) National Solid Waste Management Act
A) Waste and Resource Reclamation Act
B) Solid Waste Disposal Act
C) Landfill Management Act
D) National Environmental Policy Act
E) National Solid Waste Management Act
answer
B) Solid Waste Disposal Act
question
Opinion research indicates that the public's highest concern regarding regulation of industry is __________.
A) expansion of industry into protected areas
B) control of toxic and hazardous chemicals
C) movement of industry to less-regulated countries
D) land encroachment in national parks
E) the transfer of toxic materials to developing countries
A) expansion of industry into protected areas
B) control of toxic and hazardous chemicals
C) movement of industry to less-regulated countries
D) land encroachment in national parks
E) the transfer of toxic materials to developing countries
answer
B) control of toxic and hazardous chemicals
question
Which of the following statements is true of the Toxic Substances Control Act?
A) It is designed to slow down the introduction of new chemicals to encourage the use of already established chemicals.
B) One goal of the act is to identify water bodies for the safe disposal of toxic materials.
C) One goal of the act is to create an organic environment for agriculture.
D) It requires manufacturers to report to the EPA if a chemical substance presents a substantial risk of injury to health or to the environment.
E) It requires a final evaluation of suspect chemicals that are economically important.
A) It is designed to slow down the introduction of new chemicals to encourage the use of already established chemicals.
B) One goal of the act is to identify water bodies for the safe disposal of toxic materials.
C) One goal of the act is to create an organic environment for agriculture.
D) It requires manufacturers to report to the EPA if a chemical substance presents a substantial risk of injury to health or to the environment.
E) It requires a final evaluation of suspect chemicals that are economically important.
answer
D) It requires manufacturers to report to the EPA if a chemical substance presents a substantial risk of injury to health or to the environment.
question
Which of the following statements is true of the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA)?
A) The primary purpose of the TSCA is to provide technical and financial assistance to all states in implementation of the Act.
B) The TSCA is like the Clean Air Act, which requires that certain pollution standards be met without regard for economic factors.
C) The law authorizes the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to require manufacturers to test their chemicals for possible harmful effects.
D) The TSCA does not demand that the EPA be given advance notice of manufacture of new chemicals.
E) The TSCA was passed in the year 1950 with the guidelines given by the Federal Environmental Pesticide Control Act.
A) The primary purpose of the TSCA is to provide technical and financial assistance to all states in implementation of the Act.
B) The TSCA is like the Clean Air Act, which requires that certain pollution standards be met without regard for economic factors.
C) The law authorizes the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to require manufacturers to test their chemicals for possible harmful effects.
D) The TSCA does not demand that the EPA be given advance notice of manufacture of new chemicals.
E) The TSCA was passed in the year 1950 with the guidelines given by the Federal Environmental Pesticide Control Act.
answer
C) The law authorizes the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to require manufacturers to test their chemicals for possible harmful effects.
question
Under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, a generator of wastes is obligated to __________.
A) provide on-site disposal of the waste
B) determine if a non-listed waste is hazardous in terms of the chemical characteristics specified by the Solid Waste Disposal Act
C) determine whether its wastes qualify as hazardous
D) reduce production of new chemicals
E) pay punitive and speculative damages to the aggrieved party
A) provide on-site disposal of the waste
B) determine if a non-listed waste is hazardous in terms of the chemical characteristics specified by the Solid Waste Disposal Act
C) determine whether its wastes qualify as hazardous
D) reduce production of new chemicals
E) pay punitive and speculative damages to the aggrieved party
answer
C) determine whether its wastes qualify as hazardous
question
Which of the following statements holds true for the manifest system of hazardous waste disposal?
A) It assesses penalties for failure to comply with the provisions of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA).
B) It refers to the software packages used for aggregating data for optimization of operations for waste collection.
C) It prescribes various record-keeping requirements that manifest waste disposal.
D) It obligates the generator to determine whether its wastes qualify as hazardous under the manifest system.
E) It requires the generator to prepare a manifest document that designates a licensed facility for disposal purposes.
A) It assesses penalties for failure to comply with the provisions of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA).
B) It refers to the software packages used for aggregating data for optimization of operations for waste collection.
C) It prescribes various record-keeping requirements that manifest waste disposal.
D) It obligates the generator to determine whether its wastes qualify as hazardous under the manifest system.
E) It requires the generator to prepare a manifest document that designates a licensed facility for disposal purposes.
answer
E) It requires the generator to prepare a manifest document that designates a licensed facility for disposal purposes.
question
Which of the following statements is true of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA)?
A) The RCRA accomplishes proper disposal of hazardous wastes through the point-source system.
B) The RCRA is moving the handling of toxic wastes away from burial on land to treatments that destroy or permanently detoxify wastes.
C) The RCRA is exempted from the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) maintaining any records or a penalty system for failure to comply with the provisions of the act.
D) The RCRA was created primarily to provide financial assistance to local governments.
E) The RCRA lacks investigatory powers but maintains executory powers.
A) The RCRA accomplishes proper disposal of hazardous wastes through the point-source system.
B) The RCRA is moving the handling of toxic wastes away from burial on land to treatments that destroy or permanently detoxify wastes.
C) The RCRA is exempted from the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) maintaining any records or a penalty system for failure to comply with the provisions of the act.
D) The RCRA was created primarily to provide financial assistance to local governments.
E) The RCRA lacks investigatory powers but maintains executory powers.
answer
B) The RCRA is moving the handling of toxic wastes away from burial on land to treatments that destroy or permanently detoxify wastes.
question
Which of the following statements is true of the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act?
A) It levies punitive damages up to five times of the cleanup costs.
B) It mandates notification for authorized release of hazardous substances.
C) It imposes strict liability on those responsible for unauthorized discharges of hazardous wastes.
D) It supersedes international pollution control laws.
E) It provides a statement of revenues generated from organizations making healthy use of natural resources.
A) It levies punitive damages up to five times of the cleanup costs.
B) It mandates notification for authorized release of hazardous substances.
C) It imposes strict liability on those responsible for unauthorized discharges of hazardous wastes.
D) It supersedes international pollution control laws.
E) It provides a statement of revenues generated from organizations making healthy use of natural resources.
answer
C) It imposes strict liability on those responsible for unauthorized discharges of hazardous wastes.
question
Under the Superfund, the cost of restoring land to its previous condition is called __________.
A) reformation
B) remediation
C) rehabilitation
D) reconstruction
E) reclamation
A) reformation
B) remediation
C) rehabilitation
D) reconstruction
E) reclamation
answer
B) remediation
question
Under the Superfund, a purchaser of land may escape liability to clean up hazardous wastes by __________.
A) fixing responsibility on the previous owner of the land
B) suing the land seller for the hazardous wastes left by the seller
C) informing the government of any hazardous wastes in the land
D) pleading ignorance of the requirements of the law
E) proving the use of due diligence in checking the land for toxic hazards
A) fixing responsibility on the previous owner of the land
B) suing the land seller for the hazardous wastes left by the seller
C) informing the government of any hazardous wastes in the land
D) pleading ignorance of the requirements of the law
E) proving the use of due diligence in checking the land for toxic hazards
answer
E) proving the use of due diligence in checking the land for toxic hazards
question
If a bank assumes ownership of a piece of contaminated land, __________.
A) the previous owner will be solely responsible for the cleanup
B) the bank can resell the property without any liability for cleanup
C) the bank becomes a responsible party
D) the bank isprohibited from selling the land due to its contaminated status.
E) the future owner will be solely responsible for the cleanup upon its sale to the future owner
A) the previous owner will be solely responsible for the cleanup
B) the bank can resell the property without any liability for cleanup
C) the bank becomes a responsible party
D) the bank isprohibited from selling the land due to its contaminated status.
E) the future owner will be solely responsible for the cleanup upon its sale to the future owner
answer
C) the bank becomes a responsible party
question
What act or group has overall control of radioactive materials, their use, disposal, and cleanup?
A) The Environmental Protection Agency
B) The Nuclear Regulatory Commission
C) The Clean Air Act
D) The Clean Water Act
E) The Comprehensive Environmental Response Compensation, and Liability Act
A) The Environmental Protection Agency
B) The Nuclear Regulatory Commission
C) The Clean Air Act
D) The Clean Water Act
E) The Comprehensive Environmental Response Compensation, and Liability Act
answer
B) The Nuclear Regulatory Commission
question
Which of the following statements is true of private citizens?
A) They can report violations of environmental law to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), but cannot sue directly.
B) They cannot sue polluters directly to force them to cease violating environmental laws.
C) They can sue public agencies, like the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), to force the adoption of regulations.
D) They can sue businesses, but not the government, to enforce rules under environmental statutes like the Clean Air Act and the Clean Water Act.
E) They cannot sue offending polluters under tort theories of strict liability and negligence, as these theories are not established.
A) They can report violations of environmental law to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), but cannot sue directly.
B) They cannot sue polluters directly to force them to cease violating environmental laws.
C) They can sue public agencies, like the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), to force the adoption of regulations.
D) They can sue businesses, but not the government, to enforce rules under environmental statutes like the Clean Air Act and the Clean Water Act.
E) They cannot sue offending polluters under tort theories of strict liability and negligence, as these theories are not established.
answer
C) They can sue public agencies, like the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), to force the adoption of regulations.
question
__________ refers to any use of one's land that unreasonably interferes with the use or enjoyment of another's land.
A) Direct interference
B) Negligence
C) Private nuisance
D) Public nuisance
E) Trespassing
A) Direct interference
B) Negligence
C) Private nuisance
D) Public nuisance
E) Trespassing
answer
C) Private nuisance
question
Which of the following statements is true of tort law?
A) The defendant is usually liable for trespass if he enters the land unintentionally.
B) The basis for the negligence tort lies in the plaintiff's ability to use reasonable care in his duty to reduce injury to himself.
C) Proving the defendant's failure of reasonable care is necessary in a strict liability claim.
D) The damages caused by public nuisance can be brought by any private or public official, regardless of the special damages suffered by them.
E) The tort of strict liability has been used in cases that involve storage and use of explosives
A) The defendant is usually liable for trespass if he enters the land unintentionally.
B) The basis for the negligence tort lies in the plaintiff's ability to use reasonable care in his duty to reduce injury to himself.
C) Proving the defendant's failure of reasonable care is necessary in a strict liability claim.
D) The damages caused by public nuisance can be brought by any private or public official, regardless of the special damages suffered by them.
E) The tort of strict liability has been used in cases that involve storage and use of explosives
answer
E) The tort of strict liability has been used in cases that involve storage and use of explosives
question
In a negligence tort claim, a factory's failure to use available pollution-control equipment may be evidence of its failure to employ __________.
A) best practices
B) prudence
C) standard of care
D) reasonable care
E) good faith
A) best practices
B) prudence
C) standard of care
D) reasonable care
E) good faith
answer
D) reasonable care
question
The tort of __________ is established when an act causes inconvenience or damage to the public in the exercise of rights common to everyone.
A) negligence
B) public nuisance
C) private nuisance
D) strict liability
E) trespass
A) negligence
B) public nuisance
C) private nuisance
D) strict liability
E) trespass
answer
B) public nuisance
question
A defendant is liable for __________ if, without right, he or she intentionally enters land in possession of another or causes something to do so.
A) strict liability
B) negligence
C) trespass
D) private nuisance
E) public nuisance
A) strict liability
B) negligence
C) trespass
D) private nuisance
E) public nuisance
answer
C) trespass
question
A farmer uses his airplane to dust his crops with pesticides. His farm lies next to a large public playground. One day, the farmer is flying over his farm dusting his crops and the wind carries the poisonous pesticide over to the playground, which causes injuries to the parents and children playing at the park. If it is shown that the farmer exercised reasonable care in dusting his crops that day and he had no fault in the pesticides blowing over to the playground, then the farmer's actions likely __________.
A) will result in strict liability
B) will be considered negligent
C) will result in no liability
D) will be considered a private nuisance
E) will be considered a public nuisance
A) will result in strict liability
B) will be considered negligent
C) will result in no liability
D) will be considered a private nuisance
E) will be considered a public nuisance
answer
A) will result in strict liability
question
A company manufactures explosives that are used for the demolition of structures. These explosives are stored in its warehouse situated in a residential area. One day, the warehouse catches fire, resulting in an explosion, which causes widespread damage to the lives and property of the people living in that area. The company is likely liable under the doctrine of __________.
A) strict liability
B) negligence
C) trespass
D) private nuisance
E) public nuisance
A) strict liability
B) negligence
C) trespass
D) private nuisance
E) public nuisance
answer
A) strict liability
question
The basis for the __________ tort lies in the defendant's breach of his or her duty to use ordinary and reasonable care toward the plaintiff, which proximately (foreseeably) causes the plaintiff injury.
A) strict liability
B) negligence
C) trespass
D) private nuisance
E) public nuisance
A) strict liability
B) negligence
C) trespass
D) private nuisance
E) public nuisance
answer
B) negligence
question
Higher atmospheric carbon dioxide levels, which lead to changing climatic patterns, is called the __________.
A) Bohr effect
B) boomerang effect
C) butterfly effect
D) greenhouse effect
E) polar effect
A) Bohr effect
B) boomerang effect
C) butterfly effect
D) greenhouse effect
E) polar effect
answer
D) greenhouse effect
question
When a business lays out goals it has regarding its environmental impact, this is called __________.
A) sustainability reporting
B) environmental governance
C) compliance reporting
D) corporate governance
E) the boomerang effect
A) sustainability reporting
B) environmental governance
C) compliance reporting
D) corporate governance
E) the boomerang effect
answer
A) sustainability reporting
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