question
administrative discretion
answer
Authority given by Congress to the Federal bureaucracy to use reasonable judgment in implementing the laws.
question
bureaucratic discretion
answer
the power to decide how a law is implemented and to decide what Congress meant when it passed a law
question
Bureaucracy
answer
a system of government in which most of the important decisions are made by state officials rather than by elected representatives.
question
Cabinet Departments
answer
the 15 largest and most influential agencies of the federal bureaucracy
question
capture
answer
The situation that occurs when a governmental regulatory agency ends up being controlled by the industry that it is supposed to be regulating.
question
Civil Service Commission
answer
created by Pendleton Act to oversee examinations for potential government employees
question
Civil Service Reform Act of 1978
answer
An act that established the principle of employment on the basis of merit and created the Civil Service Commission to administer the personal service.
question
command-and-control policy
answer
regulatory strategy where government sets a requirement and then enforces individual and corporate actions to be consistent with meeting the requirement.
question
competitive service
answer
the government offices to which people are appointed on the basis of merit, as ascertained by a written exam or by applying certain selection criteria
question
Delegated Authority
answer
power to make decisions enjoyed by an agency or department that was approved by Congress
question
discretionary authority
answer
The ability of a bureaucracy to choose courses of action and make policies not spelled out in advance by laws.
question
Deregulation
answer
A policy promoting cutbacks in the amount of Federal regulation in specific areas of economic activity.
question
Executive Orders
answer
Formal orders issued by the president to direct action by the federal bureaucracy.
question
Freedom of Information Act (1966)
answer
The Act defines agency records subject to disclosure, outlines mandatory disclosure procedures and grants nine exemptions to the statute
question
General Schedule Rating
answer
a schedule for federal employees by which salaries can be keyed to rating and experience
question
government corporation
answer
A government agency that operates like a business corporation, created to secure greater freedom of action and flexibility for a particular program.
question
Government in the Sunshine Act
answer
A federal act that opens most federal administrative agency meetings to the public.
question
Hatch Act (1939)
answer
Permitted government employees to vote in government elections but forbade them from participating in partisan politics
question
INS v. Chadha (1983)
answer
U.S. Supreme Court case striking down the legislative veto on account of its violation of the separation of powers.
question
incentive system
answer
An alternative to command-and-control, with marketlike strategies such as rewards used to manage public policy.
question
Independent Executive Agencies
answer
agencies headed by a single administrator with regional subunits, but lacking Cabinet status
question
Independent Regulatory Agencies
answer
Agencies with quasi-judicial responsibilities that are meant to be carried out in a manner free of presidential interference
question
Iron Triangles
answer
the relatively ironclad relationships and patterns of interaction that occur among agencies, interest groups, and congressional committees or subcommittees
question
issue network
answer
webs of influence between interest groups, policymakers, and policy advocates
question
Merit Principle
answer
The idea that hiring should be based on entrance exams and promotion ratings to produce administration by people with talent and skill.
question
Office of Personal Management (OPM)
answer
The office in charge of hiring for most agencies of the federal government, using elaborate rules in the process.
question
Patronage
answer
Granting favors or giving contracts or making appointments to office in return for political support
question
Pendleton Civil Service Act
answer
Passed in 1883, an Act that created a federal civil service so that hiring and promotion would be based on merit rather than patronage.
question
policy implementation
answer
Carrying out a policy through government agencies and courts
question
Privatization
answer
To change from government or public ownership or control to private ownership or control.
question
red tape
answer
complex rules and procedures required by bureaucratic agencies
question
regulation
answer
the use of governmental authority to control or change some practice in the private sector
question
Senior Executive Service
answer
An elite cadre of about 9,000 federal government managers at the top of the civil service system.
question
Spoils System
answer
A system of public employment based on rewarding party loyalists and friends.
question
Sunset Legislation
answer
Statutes that provide for revocation of laws if not reviewed and renewed within a specified time period.
question
Whistleblower Protection Act (1989)
answer
Protects federal workers who report or disclose evidence of illegal or improper government action
question
rule making
answer
a quasi-legislative process resulting in regulations that have the characteristics of a legislative act
question
street-level bureaucrats
answer
A phrase referring to those bureaucrats who are in constant contact with the public and have considerable administrative discretion.
question
standard operating procedures
answer
Better known as SOPs, these procedures are used by bureaucrats to bring uniformity to complex organizations.
Order an Essay Now & Get These Features For Free:
Turnitin Report
Formatting
Title Page
Citation
Outline
