Ch 12 SmartBook - Assignment Essays

question

Some of the major goals of labor unions are to:

answer

- Provide a unified voice for members - improve working conditions for members
- represent its members in negotiations

question

The employee organization that represents labor in negotiations with management is a(n) _____.

answer

union

question

Workers originally formed labor unions to:

answer

gain negotiating power against management

question

Among the benefits won by organized labor are:

answer

- worker's compensation for disability
- child-labor and safety laws
- minimum wage laws

question

The shift from an agricultural to an unregulated industrial economy at the beginning of the 20th Century created an abusive work environment that led to the formation of _____.

answer

unions

question

The goals of labor unions differ from those of management because employers want more profits and labor wants:

answer

better pay and working conditions

question

Which of the following are craft unions?

answer

- Plumbers
- Pipe fitters
- Electricians

question

A(n) _____ is an employee organization that represents its members in negotiations with management over wages and working conditions.

answer

union

question

The Industrial Revolution brought problems for workers due to the demand for constant increases in _____.

answer

productivity or production

question

What were some of the original reasons that labor unions formed?

answer

- To protect workers from intolerable conditions
- To gain negotiating power
- To prevent unfair treatment of laborers by management

question

The benefits organized labor has won for workers includes:

answer

- minimum wage laws
- workplace safety laws

question

The transition from an agricultural to an industrial economy in the late 19th and early 20th centuries created the need for labor unions because:

answer

- labor conditions were abusive and wages were low
- management could fire individuals workers who complained
- management constantly increased demands for more productivity

question

The Industrial Revolution made the United States an economic world power through huge increases in _____ from mass production.

answer

productivity

question

An Electrical Workers Union is the type of union known as a(n) _____ union.

answer

craft or trade

question

The difference between working conditions in factories today and those in the early 1900s is that:

answer

labor unions and the law have improved them

Reason:
Correct. Due to the organizing activities of unions, labor conditions have vastly improved.

question

True or false: The need to continually increase productivity led to improved working conditions in factories.

answer

False

Reason:
Working conditions in factories have been improved by changes in the law and the efforts of labor unions.

question

Laws allowing labor unions to form and providing for a minimum wage did not exist in:

answer

1900

question

The first national labor union whose goal was to gain significant political power was the:

answer

Knights of Labor

Reason:
Correct. The Knights of Labor was the first national labor organization in the U.S.

question

The leader of the American Federation of Labor in the 1890s was:

answer

Samuel Gompers

question

The Industrial Revolution changed the economic structure of the United States because:

answer

mass production brought huge increases in productivity

question

A labor organization of unskilled and semiskilled workers in mass production industries is a(n):

answer

industrial union

question

The length of the average work week in the early 1900s was:

answer

60 hours

question

John L. Lewis was the labor leader who organized:

answer

Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO)

question

During the 1930s, labor unions won the right to:

answer

- a minimum wage for workers
- organize and join unions in interstate commerce industries

question

Laws such as the Labor Management Reporting and Disclosure Act (Landrum-Griffin Act) of 1959 were passed when:

answer

unions became very powerful and corrupt

question

The goal of the Knights of Labor was to establish the first _____ labor union.

answer

national

question

The AFL was the federation of _____ unions led by Samuel Gompers in the 1890s.

answer

craft

question

A labor organization of both skilled and unskilled workers working in a mass production industry is a(n) _____ union.

answer

industrial

question

The union leader who founded the CIO to organize both craftspeople and unskilled workers who were in the same industry was:

answer

John L. Lewis

question

Congress passed a law in 1932 that prevents employers from requiring a Yellow-Dog Contract, which forced employees not to join a labor union. The law that led to the growth of labor unions in the US is the:

answer

Norris-LaGuardia Act

question

Changes in public opinion have affected labor unions by:

answer

- the passing of laws to curb corruption in unions
- prohibiting compulsive union membership
- influencing passage of laws to curb the power of management

question

Employers required employees to agree not to join a union in which type of contract?

answer

Yellow-dog contract

question

Overseeing union election campaigns and investigating labor practices are duties of the:

answer

National Labor Relations Board

question

An industrial union includes which of the following?

answer

- Workers in a specific industry
- Unskilled workers
- Skilled workers

question

The negotiated labor-management agreement that clarifies the terms and conditions under which management and a union will operate for a specified period is also known as a(n) _____ _____.

answer

Labor Contract

question

The Norris-LaGuardia Act of 1932 paved the way for union growth in the United States by:

answer

- allowing non-violent union activities
- outlawing the use of yellow dog contracts

question

Pay, grievance procedures, and vacation policies are typically _____ in a collective bargaining agreement.

answer

negotiated, decided, or included

question

Yellow Dog Contracts, made illegal by the Norris-LaGuardia Act, required employees to:

answer

agree not to join a labor union

question

Unions negotiate to include a union security clause in contracts because:

answer

- it provides funds to support union activities such as negotiations and grievances
- it encourages workers to join unions as members
- all workers represented by the union receive the same benefits as paying union members

question

The NLRB is authorized to investigate and remedy _____ _____ practices.

answer

unfair labor

question

The Taft-Hartley Act of 1947 made which of these union practices illegal?

answer

- Secondary boycotts
- Closed shop agreements

question

Another name for a negotiated labor-management agreement is a:

answer

Labor contract

question

A(n) ______ (open/closed) shop agreement specified that workers had to be union members before they were hired for a job.

answer

closed

question

In an agency shop agreement, employers may hire workers who are not union members. Workers:

answer

- must pay a fee or dues to the union that represents them
- are not required to join a union after they are hired

question

The issues typically negotiated in labor contracts include:

answer

- Holidays
- Discharge and discipline procedures
- Wages

question

A union security clause is included in contracts because:

answer

all workers who benefit from having a union should help pay for it

question

True or false: Closed shop agreements were created in the Taft-Hartley Act of 1947.

answer

False

Reason:
Closed shop agreements were prohibited in the Taft-Hartley Act.

question

A clause in a labor contract that required workers to be members of the union before being hired was known as a(n):

answer

closed shop agreement

question

The law that allowed individual states to pass right-to-work laws is the:

answer

Taft-Hartley Act

question

The labor agreement under which workers represented by the union pay a fee but do not have to become union members is a(n):

answer

agency shop agreement

question

The concerns of most labor unions today have evolved to include:

answer

- child and elder care
- worker retraining
- offshore outsourcing

question

The clause included in many union contracts that requires those benefiting from the union to pay dues is a union _____ clause.

answer

security

question

A supreme court decision in 2018 gave individual states the right to make union and agency shops illegal by passing _____-_____-_____ laws.

answer

right-to-work

question

Labor analysts' forecasts for the future of labor unions:

answer

differ from regaining strength to continued decline

question

A(n) _____ shop agreement does not require workers to belong to the union, but they must pay a fee for the services of the union that represents them.

answer

agency

question

The goals of most labor unions in the 1930s was the right to organize, in the 1970s to increase worker pay and benefits, in the 1980s union recognition and job security, today to reduce job loss from outsourcing. One can conclude that:

answer

changes in the social and economic environment determine the goals of labor in a given period

Reason:
Correct. As the work environment changes, the goals of workers evolve.

question

A frequent source of employee grievances is:

answer

Work assignments

question

The bargaining zone is the range of _____ between the initial and final offers each party will consider before negotiations dissolve.

answer

options

question

Some labor analysts predict that future contract negotiations will focus on issues such as _____ and _____ care.

answer

1: child
2: care

question

The third party used in a labor dispute, who makes suggestions and encourages continued negotiation, is a(n):

answer

mediator

question

Overtime rules and job assignments are frequently sources of employee _____ against management.

answer

grievances

question

The role of the National Mediation Board in a labor dispute such as that between owners and managers in the National Hockey League is to provide _____ when they are requested.

answer

mediators

question

The range of options each party will consider between the initial and final offers made in a negotiation is known as:

answer

the bargaining zone

question

The purpose of a union strike in a labor dispute is to:

answer

- stop or slow production
- attract public attention to their cause

question

The purpose of a strike in a labor dispute is to:

answer

reduce a company's production and revenue

question

When organized labor encourages both its members and the general public not to buy the goods or services of a firm in a labor dispute, it is:

answer

a primary boycott

question

The role of the mediator in negotiations is to:

answer

- make suggestions to resolve the matter in dispute
- encourage both sides in a dispute to keep negotiating

question

When the parties in a labor dispute want help and suggestions to resolve it, but do not want a binding decision, they ask the:

answer

National Mediation Board

question

When management temporarily closes a business during a labor dispute to put pressure on workers, they are using the tactic known as a(n) _____.

answer

lockout

question

When workers stop production by refusing to work, it is a union strategy known as a(n) _____.

answer

strike

question

When a court issues an order to do or not do a specific activity, it is known as a(n):

answer

injunction

question

The union tactic used to reduce a company's production and revenue is a(n) _____.

answer

strike

question

Workers who cross picket lines to replace workers on strike during a labor dispute are known as:

answer

- strikebreakers
- scabs

question

A(n) _____ boycott encourages union members and the general public not to do business with a company directly engaged in a labor dispute.

answer

primary

question

A future focus of labor unions due to the effect of job losses from offshore outsourcing is job _____.

answer

security

question

A(n) _____ is a third party who encourages both parties in a dispute to continue negotiating and makes suggestions for resolving the matter.

answer

mediator

question

High levels of executive compensation frustrate employees and the public because:

answer

executive compensation is no longer tied to profitability

question

The result of a lockout by management during a dispute with a union would be:

answer

that workers receive no pay

question

A(n) _____ is when a court issues an order to do or stop doing something specific.

answer

injunction

question

CEO bonuses and compensation packages are usually tied to increases in the company's _____ _____.

answer

stock price

question

Workers hired to replace those on strike until a labor dispute is resolved are called _____.

answer

strikebreakers or scabs

question

Economist Thomas Piketty criticized CEO pay levels and agreed with Peter Drucker that CEOs should receive no more than Blank______ times the pay of the company's lowest paid worker.

answer

10-20

question

In the future, labor unions are likely to focus on:

answer

pay equity

question

Employees, as well as the general public, are frustrated by the high levels of _____ compensation, especially when it isn't tied to profitability.

answer

executive or CEO

question

The Equal Pay Act of 1963 requires employers to:

answer

Pay men and women equally for doing the same work

Reason:
Correct. This law required that all those performing the same job should be paid equally.

question

When management uses a _____ during a labor dispute, workers are not able to work and so do not receive pay.

answer

lockout

question

CEO compensation and bonuses are, theoretically, determined by a firm's:

answer

- increase in stock price
- profitability

question

Economist Thomas Piketty criticized executive compensation levels and thought CEOs should be satisfied with:

answer

10-20 times the pay of the company's lowest paid employee

question

Paying people in jobs that require similar levels of education, training or skills is called pay _____.

answer

equity

question

The _____ _____ _____ of 1963 requires companies to give equal pay to men and women who do the same job.

answer

Equal Pay Act

question

The idea that people in jobs requiring similar levels of education, training, or skills should receive equal pay is known as:

answer

- pay equity
- comparable worth

question

Sexual harassment refers to:

answer

- unwelcome sexual advances that create a hostile work environment
- same-sex harassment
- requests for sexual favors that create a hostile work environment

question

The Civil Rights Act of 1997 protects against same-sex _____ _____.

answer

sexual harassment

question

The Equal Pay Act requires that workers doing the same job receive equal pay, known as:

answer

equal pay for equal work

question

What is the concept that recognizes that jobs traditionally held by men, such as plumbers, have better pay than those held by women, such as nursing?

answer

Comparable worth

Reason:
Correct. Using the idea of comparable worth, experts created a basis for comparing different types of jobs.

question

If a supervisor offers an employee a pay raise in exchange for going out on a date, it is _____ _____.

answer

sexual harassment

question

Protection for both genders was reinforced when same-sex discrimination was made illegal by:

answer

the Supreme Court

question

Both men and women are protected from sexual harassment by:

answer

the Civil Rights Act of 1991

question

When submitting to a request for sexual favors affects an employee's opportunity for advanced training, it is _____ _____ _____ sexual harassment.

answer

1: quid
2: pro
3: quo

question

The concept of comparable worth would use which of the following to equalize pay, regardless of whether they are jobs traditionally done by men or women?

answer

- Skills
- Level of education
- Training

question

When a supervisor repeatedly rubs the back of a female employee's neck and puts his arm around her, but does not say anything or ask for sexual favors, it is:

answer

hostile environment sexual harassment

Reason:
Correct. This describes a general atmosphere of unwelcome touching or sexualized language.

question

In 1997, the Supreme Court reinforced that both genders are covered by the Civil Rights Act of 1991 when it ruled that sexual harassment included:

answer

same-sex harassment

question

Repeatedly telling dirty jokes at work, after another worker asks you to stop, is:

answer

hostile environment sexual harassment

Reason:
Correct. This sort of provocative language is defined as creating a hostile work environment.

question

When an employee is offended by sexual comments or sexually related jokes in the workplace, it is _____ _____ _____ sexual harassment.

answer

1: hostile
2: work
3: environment

question

Quid pro quo sexual harassment is when:

answer

- rejecting a sexual request leads to termination of employment
- accepting a sexual request is linked to job security
- accepting a sexual request is linked to promotion

question

According to the Supreme Court, sexual behavior that is unwelcome and offensive to a reasonable person is considered:

answer

hostile environment sexual harassment

question

When an employee's agreement to go on a date with her supervisor is a condition for keeping her job, it is:

answer

quid pro quo sexual harassment

Reason:
Correct. This means that something is exchanged for something else; in this case, the date is exchanged for job security.

question

Examples of hostile environment sexual harassment include:

answer

- telling sexually explicit jokes at work after other workers object to them
- sending dirty jokes to coworkers using company email after requests not to do so

question

If a supervisor continues to touch an employee after being asked to stop, it is:

answer

hostile work environment sexual harassment

question

Quid pro quo sexual harassment is when:

answer

submission to or rejection of a sexual request affects employment decisions

question

A problem for many organizations regarding sexual harassment is that although the company has _____ in place, employees don't understand them.

answer

policies or rules

question

Criteria the Supreme Court recognizes for hostile environment sexual harassment include:

answer

- unwelcome sexual behavior
- behavior offensive to a reasonable person

question

Sexual harassment laws:

answer

- apply to all companies doing business in the United States
- apply to foreign companies doing business in the United States

question

What is the percent of women in the workforce with children under 18?

answer

Nearly 75 percent

question

Examples of quid pro quo sexual harassment include:

answer

- offering a pay raise to an employee in exchange for a date
- threatening to fire a subordinate who refuses to go out with you

question

By 2040, the number of people who are over 65 is expected to:

answer

increase

question

Companies are losing over $35 billion a year due to the need for elder care that causes:

answer

- absenteeism
- reduced productivity
- increased turnover

question

Companies that have sexual harassment policies are still subject to complaints because:

answer

employees do not know what the policies mean

Reason:
Correct. Lack of understanding of sexual harassment continues to cause problems.

question

Elder care costs employers productivity because of:

answer

absenteeism

question

The substances that create the greatest safety problems in the workplace are _____ and _____.

answer

1: drugs
2: alcohol

question

Employers are concerned with the changing demographics of mothers in the workforce because:

answer

- the number of women workers with children under 18 has grown to about 75% since 1975
- many single workers and single-income families do not want to subsidize child care
- absences for child care cost U.S. employers billions of dollars annually

question

True or false: Alcohol is the most widely used drug in the workplace.

answer

True

Reason:
About 6.5% of full-time U.S. employees are heavy drinkers and cause 40% of industrial injuries and fatalities.

question

By 2040, the number of people who are over 65 is expected to:

answer

almost double

question

Which percent most accurately reflects the number of industrial injuries and fatalities related to alcohol abuse?

answer

40 percent

question

The aging of the workforce and the increasing numbers of people over 65 mean that:

answer

more older workers will be providing elder care

question

Workplace violence is:

answer

- responsible for 19 percent of women's workplace deaths
- the greatest cause of women's death in the workplace

question

Employers are losing about $35 billion a year because of lost _____ due to elder care needs.

answer

productivity

question

Some states allow employers to seek temporary _____ orders to protect workers experiencing harassment.

answer

restraining, court, or protection

question

Some employers try to curb the dangerous use of _____ and _____ in the workplace by testing employees.

answer

1: drugs
2: alcohol

question

Repeated, health-harming mistreatment of a person by one or more perpetrators is ______.

answer

bullying

question

What is the most widely used drug in the workplace?

answer

Alcohol

question

bout 40 percent of industrial injuries and fatalities are linked to _____ abuse.

answer

alcohol

question

The trend toward violence in the workplace has been:

answer

decreasing since the 1990s

question

Employers try to prevent workplace violence by:

answer

- seeking employee input through focus groups
- hiring consultants to deal with potentially violent problems
- hiring managers with good interpersonal skills

question

Actions by one or more people that prevent another worker from doing their job is _____.

answer

bullying

question

Some companies are trying to prevent workplace _____ by hiring managers with strong interpersonal skills.

answer

violence

1 of 136

question

Some of the major goals of labor unions are to:

answer

- Provide a unified voice for members - improve working conditions for members
- represent its members in negotiations

question

The employee organization that represents labor in negotiations with management is a(n) _____.

answer

union

question

Workers originally formed labor unions to:

answer

gain negotiating power against management

question

Among the benefits won by organized labor are:

answer

- worker's compensation for disability
- child-labor and safety laws
- minimum wage laws

question

The shift from an agricultural to an unregulated industrial economy at the beginning of the 20th Century created an abusive work environment that led to the formation of _____.

answer

unions

question

The goals of labor unions differ from those of management because employers want more profits and labor wants:

answer

better pay and working conditions

question

Which of the following are craft unions?

answer

- Plumbers
- Pipe fitters
- Electricians

question

A(n) _____ is an employee organization that represents its members in negotiations with management over wages and working conditions.

answer

union

question

The Industrial Revolution brought problems for workers due to the demand for constant increases in _____.

answer

productivity or production

question

What were some of the original reasons that labor unions formed?

answer

- To protect workers from intolerable conditions
- To gain negotiating power
- To prevent unfair treatment of laborers by management

question

The benefits organized labor has won for workers includes:

answer

- minimum wage laws
- workplace safety laws

question

The transition from an agricultural to an industrial economy in the late 19th and early 20th centuries created the need for labor unions because:

answer

- labor conditions were abusive and wages were low
- management could fire individuals workers who complained
- management constantly increased demands for more productivity

question

The Industrial Revolution made the United States an economic world power through huge increases in _____ from mass production.

answer

productivity

question

An Electrical Workers Union is the type of union known as a(n) _____ union.

answer

craft or trade

question

The difference between working conditions in factories today and those in the early 1900s is that:

answer

labor unions and the law have improved them

Reason:
Correct. Due to the organizing activities of unions, labor conditions have vastly improved.

question

True or false: The need to continually increase productivity led to improved working conditions in factories.

answer

False

Reason:
Working conditions in factories have been improved by changes in the law and the efforts of labor unions.

question

Laws allowing labor unions to form and providing for a minimum wage did not exist in:

answer

1900

question

The first national labor union whose goal was to gain significant political power was the:

answer

Knights of Labor

Reason:
Correct. The Knights of Labor was the first national labor organization in the U.S.

question

The leader of the American Federation of Labor in the 1890s was:

answer

Samuel Gompers

question

The Industrial Revolution changed the economic structure of the United States because:

answer

mass production brought huge increases in productivity

question

A labor organization of unskilled and semiskilled workers in mass production industries is a(n):

answer

industrial union

question

The length of the average work week in the early 1900s was:

answer

60 hours

question

John L. Lewis was the labor leader who organized:

answer

Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO)

question

During the 1930s, labor unions won the right to:

answer

- a minimum wage for workers
- organize and join unions in interstate commerce industries

question

Laws such as the Labor Management Reporting and Disclosure Act (Landrum-Griffin Act) of 1959 were passed when:

answer

unions became very powerful and corrupt

question

The goal of the Knights of Labor was to establish the first _____ labor union.

answer

national

question

The AFL was the federation of _____ unions led by Samuel Gompers in the 1890s.

answer

craft

question

A labor organization of both skilled and unskilled workers working in a mass production industry is a(n) _____ union.

answer

industrial

question

The union leader who founded the CIO to organize both craftspeople and unskilled workers who were in the same industry was:

answer

John L. Lewis

question

answer

Norris-LaGuardia Act

question

Changes in public opinion have affected labor unions by:

answer

- the passing of laws to curb corruption in unions
- prohibiting compulsive union membership
- influencing passage of laws to curb the power of management

question

Employers required employees to agree not to join a union in which type of contract?

answer

Yellow-dog contract

question

Overseeing union election campaigns and investigating labor practices are duties of the:

answer

National Labor Relations Board

question

An industrial union includes which of the following?

answer

- Workers in a specific industry
- Unskilled workers
- Skilled workers

question

The negotiated labor-management agreement that clarifies the terms and conditions under which management and a union will operate for a specified period is also known as a(n) _____ _____.

answer

Labor Contract

question

The Norris-LaGuardia Act of 1932 paved the way for union growth in the United States by:

answer

- allowing non-violent union activities
- outlawing the use of yellow dog contracts

question

Pay, grievance procedures, and vacation policies are typically _____ in a collective bargaining agreement.

answer

negotiated, decided, or included

question

Yellow Dog Contracts, made illegal by the Norris-LaGuardia Act, required employees to:

answer

agree not to join a labor union

question

Unions negotiate to include a union security clause in contracts because:

answer

question

The NLRB is authorized to investigate and remedy _____ _____ practices.

answer

unfair labor

question

The Taft-Hartley Act of 1947 made which of these union practices illegal?

answer

- Secondary boycotts
- Closed shop agreements

question

Another name for a negotiated labor-management agreement is a:

answer

Labor contract

question

A(n) ______ (open/closed) shop agreement specified that workers had to be union members before they were hired for a job.

answer

closed

question

In an agency shop agreement, employers may hire workers who are not union members. Workers:

answer

- must pay a fee or dues to the union that represents them
- are not required to join a union after they are hired

question

The issues typically negotiated in labor contracts include:

answer

- Holidays
- Discharge and discipline procedures
- Wages

question

A union security clause is included in contracts because:

answer

all workers who benefit from having a union should help pay for it

question

True or false: Closed shop agreements were created in the Taft-Hartley Act of 1947.

answer

False

Reason:
Closed shop agreements were prohibited in the Taft-Hartley Act.

question

A clause in a labor contract that required workers to be members of the union before being hired was known as a(n):

answer

closed shop agreement

question

The law that allowed individual states to pass right-to-work laws is the:

answer

Taft-Hartley Act

question

The labor agreement under which workers represented by the union pay a fee but do not have to become union members is a(n):

answer

agency shop agreement

question

The concerns of most labor unions today have evolved to include:

answer

- child and elder care
- worker retraining
- offshore outsourcing

question

The clause included in many union contracts that requires those benefiting from the union to pay dues is a union _____ clause.

answer

security

question

A supreme court decision in 2018 gave individual states the right to make union and agency shops illegal by passing _____-_____-_____ laws.

answer

right-to-work

question

Labor analysts' forecasts for the future of labor unions:

answer

differ from regaining strength to continued decline

question

A(n) _____ shop agreement does not require workers to belong to the union, but they must pay a fee for the services of the union that represents them.

answer

agency

question

answer

changes in the social and economic environment determine the goals of labor in a given period

Reason:
Correct. As the work environment changes, the goals of workers evolve.

question

A frequent source of employee grievances is:

answer

Work assignments

question

The bargaining zone is the range of _____ between the initial and final offers each party will consider before negotiations dissolve.

answer

options

question

Some labor analysts predict that future contract negotiations will focus on issues such as _____ and _____ care.

answer

1: child
2: care

question

The third party used in a labor dispute, who makes suggestions and encourages continued negotiation, is a(n):

answer

mediator

question

Overtime rules and job assignments are frequently sources of employee _____ against management.

answer

grievances

question

The role of the National Mediation Board in a labor dispute such as that between owners and managers in the National Hockey League is to provide _____ when they are requested.

answer

mediators

question

The range of options each party will consider between the initial and final offers made in a negotiation is known as:

answer

the bargaining zone

question

The purpose of a union strike in a labor dispute is to:

answer

- stop or slow production
- attract public attention to their cause

question

The purpose of a strike in a labor dispute is to:

answer

reduce a company's production and revenue

question

When organized labor encourages both its members and the general public not to buy the goods or services of a firm in a labor dispute, it is:

answer

a primary boycott

question

The role of the mediator in negotiations is to:

answer

- make suggestions to resolve the matter in dispute
- encourage both sides in a dispute to keep negotiating

question

When the parties in a labor dispute want help and suggestions to resolve it, but do not want a binding decision, they ask the:

answer

National Mediation Board

question

When management temporarily closes a business during a labor dispute to put pressure on workers, they are using the tactic known as a(n) _____.

answer

lockout

question

When workers stop production by refusing to work, it is a union strategy known as a(n) _____.

answer

strike

question

When a court issues an order to do or not do a specific activity, it is known as a(n):

answer

injunction

question

The union tactic used to reduce a company's production and revenue is a(n) _____.

answer

strike

question

Workers who cross picket lines to replace workers on strike during a labor dispute are known as:

answer

- strikebreakers
- scabs

question

A(n) _____ boycott encourages union members and the general public not to do business with a company directly engaged in a labor dispute.

answer

primary

question

A future focus of labor unions due to the effect of job losses from offshore outsourcing is job _____.

answer

security

question

A(n) _____ is a third party who encourages both parties in a dispute to continue negotiating and makes suggestions for resolving the matter.

answer

mediator

question

High levels of executive compensation frustrate employees and the public because:

answer

executive compensation is no longer tied to profitability

question

The result of a lockout by management during a dispute with a union would be:

answer

that workers receive no pay

question

A(n) _____ is when a court issues an order to do or stop doing something specific.

answer

injunction

question

CEO bonuses and compensation packages are usually tied to increases in the company's _____ _____.

answer

stock price

question

Workers hired to replace those on strike until a labor dispute is resolved are called _____.

answer

strikebreakers or scabs

question

Economist Thomas Piketty criticized CEO pay levels and agreed with Peter Drucker that CEOs should receive no more than Blank______ times the pay of the company's lowest paid worker.

answer

10-20

question

In the future, labor unions are likely to focus on:

answer

pay equity

question

Employees, as well as the general public, are frustrated by the high levels of _____ compensation, especially when it isn't tied to profitability.

answer

executive or CEO

question

The Equal Pay Act of 1963 requires employers to:

answer

Pay men and women equally for doing the same work

Reason:
Correct. This law required that all those performing the same job should be paid equally.

question

When management uses a _____ during a labor dispute, workers are not able to work and so do not receive pay.

answer

lockout

question

CEO compensation and bonuses are, theoretically, determined by a firm's:

answer

- increase in stock price
- profitability

question

Economist Thomas Piketty criticized executive compensation levels and thought CEOs should be satisfied with:

answer

10-20 times the pay of the company's lowest paid employee

question

Paying people in jobs that require similar levels of education, training or skills is called pay _____.

answer

equity

question

The _____ _____ _____ of 1963 requires companies to give equal pay to men and women who do the same job.

answer

Equal Pay Act

question

The idea that people in jobs requiring similar levels of education, training, or skills should receive equal pay is known as:

answer

- pay equity
- comparable worth

question

Sexual harassment refers to:

answer

- unwelcome sexual advances that create a hostile work environment
- same-sex harassment
- requests for sexual favors that create a hostile work environment

question

The Civil Rights Act of 1997 protects against same-sex _____ _____.

answer

sexual harassment

question

The Equal Pay Act requires that workers doing the same job receive equal pay, known as:

answer

equal pay for equal work

question

What is the concept that recognizes that jobs traditionally held by men, such as plumbers, have better pay than those held by women, such as nursing?

answer

Comparable worth

Reason:
Correct. Using the idea of comparable worth, experts created a basis for comparing different types of jobs.

question

If a supervisor offers an employee a pay raise in exchange for going out on a date, it is _____ _____.

answer

sexual harassment

question

Protection for both genders was reinforced when same-sex discrimination was made illegal by:

answer

the Supreme Court

question

Both men and women are protected from sexual harassment by:

answer

the Civil Rights Act of 1991

question

When submitting to a request for sexual favors affects an employee's opportunity for advanced training, it is _____ _____ _____ sexual harassment.

answer

1: quid
2: pro
3: quo

question

The concept of comparable worth would use which of the following to equalize pay, regardless of whether they are jobs traditionally done by men or women?

answer

- Skills
- Level of education
- Training

question

When a supervisor repeatedly rubs the back of a female employee's neck and puts his arm around her, but does not say anything or ask for sexual favors, it is:

answer

hostile environment sexual harassment

Reason:
Correct. This describes a general atmosphere of unwelcome touching or sexualized language.

question

In 1997, the Supreme Court reinforced that both genders are covered by the Civil Rights Act of 1991 when it ruled that sexual harassment included:

answer

same-sex harassment

question

Repeatedly telling dirty jokes at work, after another worker asks you to stop, is:

answer

hostile environment sexual harassment

Reason:
Correct. This sort of provocative language is defined as creating a hostile work environment.

question

When an employee is offended by sexual comments or sexually related jokes in the workplace, it is _____ _____ _____ sexual harassment.

answer

1: hostile
2: work
3: environment

question

Quid pro quo sexual harassment is when:

answer

- rejecting a sexual request leads to termination of employment
- accepting a sexual request is linked to job security
- accepting a sexual request is linked to promotion

question

According to the Supreme Court, sexual behavior that is unwelcome and offensive to a reasonable person is considered:

answer

hostile environment sexual harassment

question

When an employee's agreement to go on a date with her supervisor is a condition for keeping her job, it is:

answer

quid pro quo sexual harassment

Reason:
Correct. This means that something is exchanged for something else; in this case, the date is exchanged for job security.

question

Examples of hostile environment sexual harassment include:

answer

- telling sexually explicit jokes at work after other workers object to them
- sending dirty jokes to coworkers using company email after requests not to do so

question

If a supervisor continues to touch an employee after being asked to stop, it is:

answer

hostile work environment sexual harassment

question

Quid pro quo sexual harassment is when:

answer

submission to or rejection of a sexual request affects employment decisions

question

A problem for many organizations regarding sexual harassment is that although the company has _____ in place, employees don't understand them.

answer

policies or rules

question

Criteria the Supreme Court recognizes for hostile environment sexual harassment include:

answer

- unwelcome sexual behavior
- behavior offensive to a reasonable person

question

Sexual harassment laws:

answer

- apply to all companies doing business in the United States
- apply to foreign companies doing business in the United States

question

What is the percent of women in the workforce with children under 18?

answer

Nearly 75 percent

question

Examples of quid pro quo sexual harassment include:

answer

- offering a pay raise to an employee in exchange for a date
- threatening to fire a subordinate who refuses to go out with you

question

By 2040, the number of people who are over 65 is expected to:

answer

increase

question

Companies are losing over $35 billion a year due to the need for elder care that causes:

answer

- absenteeism
- reduced productivity
- increased turnover

question

Companies that have sexual harassment policies are still subject to complaints because:

answer

employees do not know what the policies mean

Reason:
Correct. Lack of understanding of sexual harassment continues to cause problems.

question

Elder care costs employers productivity because of:

answer

absenteeism

question

The substances that create the greatest safety problems in the workplace are _____ and _____.

answer

1: drugs
2: alcohol

question

Employers are concerned with the changing demographics of mothers in the workforce because:

answer

question

True or false: Alcohol is the most widely used drug in the workplace.

answer

True

Reason:
About 6.5% of full-time U.S. employees are heavy drinkers and cause 40% of industrial injuries and fatalities.

question

By 2040, the number of people who are over 65 is expected to:

answer

almost double

question

Which percent most accurately reflects the number of industrial injuries and fatalities related to alcohol abuse?

answer

40 percent

question

The aging of the workforce and the increasing numbers of people over 65 mean that:

answer

more older workers will be providing elder care

question

Workplace violence is:

answer

- responsible for 19 percent of women's workplace deaths
- the greatest cause of women's death in the workplace

question

Employers are losing about $35 billion a year because of lost _____ due to elder care needs.

answer

productivity

question

Some states allow employers to seek temporary _____ orders to protect workers experiencing harassment.

answer

restraining, court, or protection

question

Some employers try to curb the dangerous use of _____ and _____ in the workplace by testing employees.

answer

1: drugs
2: alcohol

question

Repeated, health-harming mistreatment of a person by one or more perpetrators is ______.

answer

bullying

question

What is the most widely used drug in the workplace?

answer

Alcohol

question

bout 40 percent of industrial injuries and fatalities are linked to _____ abuse.

answer

alcohol

question

The trend toward violence in the workplace has been:

answer

decreasing since the 1990s

question

Employers try to prevent workplace violence by:

answer

- seeking employee input through focus groups
- hiring consultants to deal with potentially violent problems
- hiring managers with good interpersonal skills

question

Actions by one or more people that prevent another worker from doing their job is _____.

answer

bullying

question

Some companies are trying to prevent workplace _____ by hiring managers with strong interpersonal skills.

answer

violence

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