CH 19

What is the function of normal biota of the respiratory tract?
A)Compete with pathogens for resources and space
B)Microbial antagonism
C)Provide antibodies
D)Both compete with pathogens for resources and space and microbial antagonism are correct.
E)Compete with pathogens for resources and space, microbial antagonism, and provide antibodies are all correct.

Superantigens ________.
A)include streptolysin O
B)include erythrogenic toxin
C)induce production of tumor necrosis factor
D)can initiate a cascade of immune responses
E)All of the choices are correct.

Which of the following is not true of influenza?
A)It has glycoprotein spikes of hemagglutinin (H) and neuraminidase (N).
B)Antigenic drift which changes the antigens to reduce immune recognition.
C)Antigenic shift causes changes in the RNA strands.
D)Symptoms are very similar to the common cold.
E)The virus can infect both humans and swine.

Which is not correct about Mycobacterium species?
A)All species are human pathogens.
B)They are acid fast.
C)They are long, slender rods.
D)Usually have a slow growth rate.
E)Cell walls have waxy lipids.

All of the following pertain to tuberculosis except ________.
A)symptoms of active TB include low-grade fever, coughing, fatigue, weight loss, and night sweats
B)live bacilli can remain dormant in the lungs and reactivate later in life
C)the BCG vaccine is used in other countries
D)antimicrobials cannot treat and cure tuberculosis
E)lung infection can disseminate to many other organs in extrapulmonary TB

Streptococcus pneumoniae is ________.
A)alpha-hemolytic on blood agar
B)often referred to as pneumococcus
C)a gram-positive diplococcus with a capsule
D)most likely to cause infection in older adults
E)All of the choices are correct.

Influenza virus can exhibit constant mutation of viral glycoproteins called ________, or _________, a more serious phenomenon caused by the exchange of a viral gene with that of another influenza virus strain.
A)antigenic shift, antigenic drift
B)antigenic drift, antigenic shift
C)None of these are correct.

People who have received the BCG immunization will generally have a negative tuberculin skin test.
Group starts
True/False

Which of the following pairs of defense mechanisms is mismatched?
A)Secretory IgA - third line of defense
B)Antimicrobial peptides - second line of defense
C)Complement activation - third line of defense
D)Ciliated epithelium - first line of defense
E)Coughing - first line of defense

Antigenic drift differs from antigenic shift in that antigenic drift reflects the exchange of RNA strands between different virus strains within a common host cell, whereas antigenic shift is the gradual mutation over time of the glycoproteins on the viral envelope that bind to immune cells.
True/False

Extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis, while harder to treat because some antibiotics are ineffective, has a similar prognosis and recovery rate compared to nonresistant tuberculosis.
Group starts
True/False

Which of the following is not part of the upper respiratory tract?
A)Mouth
B)Nasal cavity
C)Trachea
D)Pharynx
E)Larynx

Which antibody is concentrated in the respiratory tract?
A)IgA
B)IgE
C)IgG
D)IgM
E)All of the choices are correct.

Normal biota of the lower respiratory tract include ________.
A)Corynebacterium
B)Candida albicans
C)Haemophilus influenzae
D)Staphylococcus aureus
E)None of the choices are correct.

The most common mode of transmission for sinusitis is ________.
A)direct contact
B)droplet contact
C)endogenous
D)exotoxin
E)indirect contact

Rheumatic fever is caused by ________.
A)a primary streptococcal infection with Streptococcus pyogenes
B)a combination of infection with Streptococcus pyogenes and the rheumatic fever virus
C)a secondary streptococcal infection with a different type of streptococcus
D)an immunological cross-reaction in which anti-streptococcal antibodies target the heart
E)both a primary viral infection and a secondary streptococcal infection

Which of the following is not true of Streptococcus pyogenes?
A)Group A streptococcus
B)Gram positive
C)Forms spores
D)Sensitive to bacitracin
E)Beta hemolytic

Pertussis has the following characteristics except ________.
A)the early stage resembles a cold with nasal discharge and sneezing
B)the disease progresses through several distinct stages
C)transmission is by droplet contact
D)the catarrhal stage has persistent, hacking coughs with "whoops"
E)DTaP immunization will prevent it

Tuberculin skin testing ________.
A)injects PPD intradermally
uses a purified protein filtrate of B)Mycobacterium tuberculosis
C)will be positive if the person has had previous exposure to TB
D)will be positive if the person has active TB
E)All of the choices are correct.

When the centers of tubercles break down into _____ lesions, they gradually heal by calcification that replaces normal lung tissue.
A)Necrotic caseous
B)secondary
C)granuloma
D)tertiary
E)primary