question
Use of gram stain
answer
differentiate between gram + and gram - bacteria
question
Use of acid fast stain
answer
It identifies organisms that have waxy material (mycolic acids) in their cell walls
question
India ink preparation
answer
Useful in detecting Cryptococcus neoformans in CSF
Cryptococci are identified by their large, transparent capsules that displace the India ink particles.
Cryptococci are identified by their large, transparent capsules that displace the India ink particles.
question
potassium hydroxide preparation
answer
dissolves host cells bacteria sparing fungi
question
iodine stain
answer
for the detection of the cysts eggs of parasites
question
alpha hemolysis
answer
green, incomplete or partial hemolysis
question
beta hemolysis
answer
complete hemolysis
question
gamma hemolysis
answer
no hemolysis
question
Heterotrophs
answer
require organic C for growth
question
Autotrophs
answer
reduce CO 2 do not require organic compounds for cell growth
question
Fastidious
answer
require a large number of growth factors or must be supplied with very specific ones
question
Strict aerobes
answer
cannot survive in the absence of O 2 produce energy only by oxidative phosphorylation
question
Strict anaerobes
answer
generate energy by fermentation or by anaerobic respiration (killed in the presence of O 2
question
Facultative anaerobes
answer
can grow in the absence of O 2 but grow better in its presence
question
Aerotolerant anaerobes
answer
grow in the presence or absence of O 2 but do not use it in their metabolism (have mechanisms to protect themselves from O 2
question
Microaerophiles
answer
require O 2 for their metabolism but cannot survive at its atmospheric levels
question
MacConkey agar
answer
Supports the growth of most Gram- rods
Inhibits the growth of Gram+ organisms some fastidious Gram- bacteria
Used to detect organisms able to metabolize lactose
Inhibits the growth of Gram+ organisms some fastidious Gram- bacteria
Used to detect organisms able to metabolize lactose
question
Hektoen enteric agar
answer
Differentiates lactose/sucrose fermenters non fermenters
Differentiates H 2 S producers non producers
Differentiates H 2 S producers non producers
question
Thayer Martin agar
answer
Composed of chocolate agar supplemented with several antibiotics
Normally used to isolate gonococci
Normally used to isolate gonococci
question
Catalase test
answer
Enzyme catalase
Catalase+ organisms rapidly produce bubbles when exposed to a solution containing H 2 O 2
used to differentiate between groups of Gram+ bacteria
Catalase+ organisms rapidly produce bubbles when exposed to a solution containing H 2 O 2
used to differentiate between groups of Gram+ bacteria
question
Oxidase test
answer
Enzyme cytochrome oxidase
Give dark color
Test used to differentiate between groups of Gram -bacteria
Give dark color
Test used to differentiate between groups of Gram -bacteria
question
Urease Test
answer
Enzyme urease
The ammonia produced can be detected with pH indicators that change color (dark) in response to the
increased alkalinity
The ammonia produced can be detected with pH indicators that change color (dark) in response to the
increased alkalinity
question
Coagulase test
answer
Enzyme coagulase
bacteria+plasma gives clot
to differentiate Staphylococcus aureus from other staphylococci
bacteria+plasma gives clot
to differentiate Staphylococcus aureus from other staphylococci
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