Chapter 15 Microbial Mechanisms of Pathogenicity

the ability to cause disease

mucuous membrane (mucosa)

skin

most pathogens have a preferred

Infectious dose for 50 percent of a sample population

measure virulence of a microbe

lethal dose for 50 percent of a sample population (dies)

measures potency of toxin

almost all pathogens attach to host tissues in a process called adherence (adhesion)

finger or fringe like projections at the end of the fallopian tubes

The external surface of a plasma membrane that is important for cell-to-cell communication

Capsules

Glycolayx around the cell wall

impair phagocytosis

streptococcus pnuemonia

bacillus anthracis

Yersina pestis

waxy lipid (mycolic acid) resists digestion

coagulates

breaks down collagen

Pathogens alter their surface antigens (and antibodies are rendered ineffective)

(true/false)

surface protein produced by bacteria that rearrange actin filaments of the cytoskeleton

cause membrane ruffling

use actin to move from one cell to the next

requirement for Low Ph in phagolysosome

prevent of fusion with phagosome

escape from phagosome before lysosomal fusion

Iron is needed/required for most __________ bacteria

________________ are proteins that are secreted by pathogens that bind iron more tightly than host cells

Poisonous substances produced by some microorganisms are called _____.

produce fever, cardiovascular problems, diarrhea, and shock

proteins produced and secreted by bacteria

soluble in bodily fluids; destroy host cells and inhibit metabolic functions

disrupting toxins lyse host cells by disrupting plasma membranes

kill phagocytic leukocytes

Cause an intense immune response due to release of cytokines from host cells (T cells)

endotoxins stimulate macrophages to release

cause disseminated intravascular coagulation

blood of horseshoe crabs contains

amebocytes __________ in the presence of endotoxin, producing a clot

inhibit synthesis of viral proteins and

infected host cells by apoptosis

toxic metabolic products

provoke an allergic reaction

capsules prevent phagocytosis

________ modify host cell membranes

and produce by mushrooms and are neurotoxic

phalloidln and amanitin

use host tissues for growth

produce large masses; cause cellular damage

produce waste products

produce waste products that cause synthesis

- some produce a neurotoxin called saxitoxin

- paralytic shellfish poisoning

respiratory tract

coughing and sneezing

Gastrointestinal tract

feces and saliva

Genitourinary tract

-Urine; secretions from the penis and vagina

Skin

Blood