Chapter 20 exam 5

Small range of different microbial type they affect

example gram positive or gram negative

Affect a wide range of gram positive and gram negative bacteria

-inhibit entry and fusion

-inhibit uncoating

-inhibit genome integration and nucleic acid synthesis

-inhibit assembly and exit

-interferons

Inhibit DNA synthesis

-interfere with anaerobic metabolism

-targeting fungal sterols (plasma membrane)

-target fungal cell walls

-inhibit nucleic acids

-inhibit mitotic microtubules(used for fungal infections of the skin)

-prevent ATP generation in mitochondria (specifically for tapeworms)

- alter the permeability of plasma membranes

-neuromuscular block (specifically for roundworms)

-inhibit the absorption of nutrients (specifically for intestinal roundworms)

-paralyze worm (primally intestinal roundworms, occasionally for scabies, mites and lice)

-agar plate is spread with a standardized amount of test organism

-filter paper disks impregnated with known concentrations of chemotherapeutic agents are placed on the surface

-the diameter of the Zones of inhibition is compared to a standard table for that drug and concentration

-An organism can be reported as sensitive, intermediate or resistant

the lowest antibiotic concentration that prevents visible bacterial growth

- it can determine if an agent is bactericidal

-also determines the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC)

-MIC is determined through decreasing dilutions of the agent that is inoculated with the test bacteria

-Test organism is placed into the wells of a tray containing dilutions of a drug and growth is determined

-wells that do not show growth can be cultured without the drug to see if growth occurs

--if growth -bacteriostatic

---if no growth- bactericidal

gram-negatives are relatively more resistant to antibiotics because of their cell wall structure