Chapter 3: Health & Wellness (Ch.3)

- Extent to which an indivisual or group is able to realize aspirations and satisfy needs, and to change or cope with the environement
- Seen as a resource for everyday living; not the object of living
- A positive concept emphasizing social and personal resources as well as physical capacities

Illness: A subjective experience of loss of health and are continuum
Disease: An objective state of ill health, the pathology of disease can be setected by medical science

- Developed the multidimensitonal conceptulization of health that reflects both actualization and stability persepctives
- Include feeling vitalized and full of energy
- Having satisfying social relationships, having a feeling of control over one's life
- Living conditions, being able to do things that one enjoys, having a sense of puspose/feeling connected to a community

- Focused on the treatment of disease and emphasized that medical intervention restores health
- Represents a stability orientation of health and dominating western thinking for most of the 20th century
- Emphasizes medical intervention that resotires health
- Health problems are primarily physiologic factors and focuses on the treatment of diseases

- 1970s, lots of money was being spent on health care, but the health of the population was not improving
- The minister of health wished to better understand the contributing factors

- Minister of health and welfares
- Comissioned a study that results in a new persepective on health of canadians
- First modern government document in Western world to suggest shift from biomedical model to behavioural approach
- Defined health determinants as lifestyle, environment, human biology and the organization of health care
- Favours/promotes strategies as education and social marketing, lifestyle, environment, human biology and organization of health are the determinants of health (4)
- Suggests lifestyle of the 4 reported determinants was most influential in making the shift to health promotion because lifestyle behvaiours contributed to chronic disease

- Health is closely tied to social structures
- Ottawa charter identified pre-requisites for health (peace, shelter, education, food, income, stable ecosystem, sustainable resources, social justice, and equity), developed as a result of the first international Conference on health promotion
- Epp report identifies 3 major health challenges: reducing inequities, increasing prevention, and enhancing coping mechanisms
- All part of the shift towards the socioenvironmental approach to health which more than just the absence of disease
- Wants to avhieve health for all (1986)

In 1997, the ____________ _______________ on Leading Heath Promotion into the 21st Century added to and refined the strategies of the Ottawa Charter by articulating the following priorities.
-Promote social responsibility for health
- Increase investment for health developments in all sectors
-Consolidate and expand partnerships for health
-Increase community capacity and empower individuals
-Secure an infrastructure for health promotion

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- Income/social status (income and its distribution)
- Social support networks
- Eduacation/literacy
- employment and working conditions (unemployment/employment security)
- Physical environments (geography, housing, food security)
- Biological and genetic endowment
- Individual health practices and coping skills
- Health child development (early life)
- Health services
- Gender
- Culture (immigrant, status, race, indigenous ancestry)
- Social environements (social safety net, social exclusion, disability)

Primary: Protect against a disease before signs and symptomes occur
Secondary: Activities that promote early detection of disease
Tertiary: Activities initiated in the convalescence stage to prevent progression

1. Build health public policy
2. Create supportive environements
3. Strengthen community action
4. Develop personal skills
5. Reorient health services

- Stakeholders must collaborate to address health determinants
- society is responisble for its members' health status
- Health status is a result of health practices and social and physical environements