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concurring opinion
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Justices who agree with the vote but not the reasoning
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dissenting opinion
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justice who disagrees with the majority opinion, presenting his or her opinion. Justice Antonin Scalia
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Majority opinion (Opinion of the Court)
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statement of the legal reasoning justifying the decision, legal reasoning becomes a precedent for deciding future cases.
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interagency councils
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Working groups established to facilitate coordination of policy making and implementation across a host of governmental agencies.
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how does congress exercise control over agencies and departments in the bureaucracy?
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by CONFIRMING appointees to key positions in federal agencies
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example of gov corporation
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TVA, Tennessee valley authority
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independent regulatory commission
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A government agency with responsibility for making and enforcing rules to protect the public interest in some sector of the economy and for judging disputes over these rules.
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what circumstances might a pres. set up a policy coordinating committee PPC
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when two diff agencies cant agree on how to approach the same issue
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what is a policy coordinating committee
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created to facilitate interactions between agencies and departments to handle complex policy problems.
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plum book lists
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top federal jobs available by Presidential appointment.
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administrative discretion
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the authority of administrative actors to select among various responses to a given problem
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method a pres. CANNOT use to control bureaucracy
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issue executive orders or informal requests
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Hatch Act
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A federal law prohibiting government employees from active participation in partisan politics.
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Interstae Commerce Commission
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shift in focus of the bureaucracy from service to regulation.
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cabinet departments
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The fifteen largest and most influential agencies of the federal bureaucracy (e.g., Department of State, Treasury, Justice...) Headed by Secretary or Attorney General (Department of Justice)
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(3) things does the Administrative Procedures Act (1946) require
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30 days before taking effect
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(2) things does the Administrative Procedures Act (1946) require
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submit written arguments and facts relevant to the rule
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(1) things does the Administrative Procedures Act (1946) require
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Public notice of the time, place, and nature of the rule-making
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What was the purpose of the Administrative Procedures Act of (1946)
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Requires that the public be made aware of proposed rules and be given the chance to comment.
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How does Congress hold the other gov branches accountable ?
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interest in how its laws are implemented
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How does the President hold the other gov branches accountable ?
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executing the laws of Congress
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How does the courts hold the other gov branches accountable ?
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ultimate authority to review the actions of the bureaucracy.