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A COMPETITIVE MARKET is...
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...one in which a good can be bought and sold at the same price
- in a competitive market, the price determines the value of the good
- in a competitive market, the price determines the value of the good
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According to the VALUATION PRINCIPLE...
When the value of the benefits exceeds the value of the costs...
When the value of the benefits exceeds the value of the costs...
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...the decision will increase the market value of the firm
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Arbitrage
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the practice of buying and selling equivalent goods to take advantage of a price difference
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Arbitrage Opportunity
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any situation in which it is possible to make a profit without taking any risk or making any investment
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Interest Rate (r)
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the rate at which money can be borrowed or lent over a given period
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How do you calculate the CASH VALUE?
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(Product amount) * (Market Price) = Cash Value
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How to calculate NPV
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PV(Benefit) - PV(Cost) = NPV
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Law of One Price
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in competitive markets, identical assets will have the same price
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Law of One Price: in competitive markets, identical assets will have the same price BECAUSE...
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BECAUSE... if they don't, investors will take advantage of arbitrage opportunities and eliminate the price difference
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interest rate factor ( 1 + r)
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it is the rate of exchange between dollars today and dollars in the future