Concept of Health and Disease

difficult to define but easier to understand.

To many of us it may mean absence of disease or infirmity and to many it may mean sound body and sound mind and sound function of the body.

To an _______, Healthy body means it should confirm to normal anatomical structures.

To a _______ Health means normal body functions

To a ______ health means normal biochemical levels / values

To a _____ health means normal cellular make up

To a ______ health means correct existence of genetic potential

to a ______ health means no abnormality in structure and function of the body.

When a clinician fails to detect anything abnormal by his clinical wisdom and laboratory tests he labels a person

To a ______ It means well adjusted and a balanced personality

a state of complete physical, mental and social well being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity"

It means adequate body weight, height and circumference as per age and sex with acceptable level of vision, hearing, locomotion or movements, acceptable levels of pulse rate, blood pressure, respiratory rate, chest circumference, head circumference, waist hip ratio.

It means The body structure and functions confirming to laid down standards within the range of normal development and functions of all the systems.

is defined "as a state of well being in which the individual realized his or her own abilities, can cope with normal stresses of life, can work productively and fruitfully and is able to make a contribution to his or her community"

A _______ has the ability to mix up with others, he/she makes friendship, behaves in a balanced manner, keeps himself tidy and observes adequate personal hygiene, well oriented to time, place and person and environments and he is unduly not suspicious of others

It is the third dimension of health.

It means ability of a person to adjust with others in his social life, at home, at work place and with people.

Men interact with men and they inter-relate and inter depend on each other and pay their effective role in accordance with a situation.

social wellbeing includes ____ and ____ of human beings

is a composite function of income level, literacy, occupation and working conditions marital harmony, institution of a family, social groups and have good cultural and behavioral patterns of the society.

can be measured on scale by taking in to consideration of indicators like income, literacy and occupation

Determinants of health

considered to be the most important determinant and input of health.

Health is influenced in the man made environment or artificial environment too. It included items like housing, transport, industries and communication.

Availability, accessibility, affordability and acceptability of health services are considered an important determinant / input to health.

can be measured through indicators of economics, (gross national product gross national income and per capita income), life expectancy, under five mortality, infant mortality, literacy level, composite index of human development, maternal mortality etc.

A village is said to be ____ if it has: safe sources of improved water supply, safe method of waste water disposal, paved streets, disposal of garbage refuse and animal excreta by manure pits,

a fundamental human right. The attainment of highest possible level of health is the most important world wide social goal.

five core elements of community

something that can be located, specific areas

shared perspective, values, ideologies, visions, activities, jargons, etc

source of community cohesion and identity, through socializing, hanging out, conversing, volunteering

interpersonal relationship- family, parents, siblings, cousins, roommates etc

ethnic distinctions, stratifications

The meaning of "Disease" is

Not only presence of disease but involvement of individual's perceptions and behavior in response to disease are included.

includes a state of social dysfunction too. i.e. The role, an individual assumes when ill.

Various environmental factors

Air, water, light, heat, radiation, gravity, pressure, and chemical agents etc.

Infectious agents of diseases, reservoirs of infective agents, vectors that transmit diseases, plants and animals.

socio-economic status, social customs, traditional believes, etc. are factors of

Refers to the course of a disease over a period of time, unaffected by treatment.

occurrence is usually insidious.

evolve over a long period and have their own progression. The history and time period that it spread is different from disease to disease.

Most of the diseases pass through the following pattern

Risk factors that favors the occurrence of a disease are operating in this stage.

During this stage the person remains free of clinical diseases

Three important factors i.e.. Host, agent and environment interact to initiate pathogenic changes that is adequate to cause a disease.

Still the disease does not clinically manifest in this stage

In this stage, the particular signs and symptoms develop. During this stage a disease can be sub classified in to its own severity grades.

Disease terminates and follow the following trend
•Spontaneous resolution -No sequels
•Settles down but with some sequels.
•Result in death of the patient.

Disease may extinct but aftermath remains may be an impairment is left.

Sequence of events

"Any loss or abnormality of psychological, physiological or anatomical structure or function".

Impairment will be

"Any restriction or lack of ability to perform an activity in the manner or within or within the range considered normal for a human being

Definite disadvantages for a given individual resulting from an impairment or a disability that limits or prevents the fulfillment of a role that is normal for him/her depending on his/her age, sex, social and cultural factors or for that indiv