diagnostics - Assignment Essays %

question

type IV pili

answer

used for motility by retraction of pili.

question

genomic islands

answer

many virulence genes are part of pathogenicity islands.
acquired by horizontal gene transfer and flanked by repetitive sequences

question

bordatella pertussis

answer

gram negative, obligate aerobe, encapsulated and motile coccobacillus.
transmission by droplets.
host range restricted to humans

question

diagnosing infectious diseases

answer

interviewing new patients about patient medical history, family and social history, physical examination and signs/symptoms provide first clues to the diagnosis of infection

question

sample collection

answer

specimen should be obtained from site of infections, proper labelling of sample, get specimen to lab.

question

complex media

answer

supports growth of most aerobic and facultative aerobic organisms. good for sterile samples

question

enriched media

answer

contains specific growth factors enhancing he growth of certain bacteria

question

selective media

answer

allows some organisms to grow while inhibiting others

question

differential media

answer

allows identification of organisms based on their growth and appearance on the media

question

acidic dyes stain

answer

alkaline structure

question

basic dyes stain

answer

acidic structures

question

simple stains

answer

determines size, shape, and arrangement of cells or to stain background

question

differential stains

answer

used to distinguish between different cells, chemicals, or structures

question

special stains

answer

used to identify specific microbial structures

question

identification by biomedical tests

answer

analytical profile index: biochemical panel for identification of clinical relevant bacteria.
growth of the specimen causes colour changes in chambers according to metabolic product

question

goal of PCR

answer

produce copies of a particular DNA fragment

question

PCR key ingredients

answer

DNA polymerase, primers, nucleotides, buffer, template

question

3 steps of PCR

answer

denaturation, annealing, extension

question

agglutination

answer

process that occurs of an antigen is mixed with its corresponding antibody

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direct agglutination

answer

antibodies react with antigens on cells or acellular particles sch as viruses and form agglutinates

question

indirect agglutination

answer

antibodies or antigens are bound to latex beads forming larger agglutinates in presence of respective antigen or antibody

question

hemagglutination assay

answer

patients serum can be directly used to detect a specific serum or indirect assay

question

point of care devices

answer

obtain diagnostics results in a short time

question

good POC

answer

high sensitivity, high specificity

question

high sensitivity

answer

refers to how small of a sample a test can detect

question

high specificity

answer

specificity refers to how well a test can distinguish positives and negatives

question

conventional techniques

answer

determination of phenotypic characteristics

question

MALDI-TOF

answer

matric assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry

1 of 28

question

type IV pili

answer

used for motility by retraction of pili.

question

genomic islands

answer

many virulence genes are part of pathogenicity islands.
acquired by horizontal gene transfer and flanked by repetitive sequences

question

bordatella pertussis

answer

gram negative, obligate aerobe, encapsulated and motile coccobacillus.
transmission by droplets.
host range restricted to humans

question

diagnosing infectious diseases

answer

interviewing new patients about patient medical history, family and social history, physical examination and signs/symptoms provide first clues to the diagnosis of infection

question

sample collection

answer

specimen should be obtained from site of infections, proper labelling of sample, get specimen to lab.

question

complex media

answer

supports growth of most aerobic and facultative aerobic organisms. good for sterile samples

question

enriched media

answer

contains specific growth factors enhancing he growth of certain bacteria

question

selective media

answer

allows some organisms to grow while inhibiting others

question

differential media

answer

allows identification of organisms based on their growth and appearance on the media

question

acidic dyes stain

answer

alkaline structure

question

basic dyes stain

answer

acidic structures

question

simple stains

answer

determines size, shape, and arrangement of cells or to stain background

question

differential stains

answer

used to distinguish between different cells, chemicals, or structures

question

special stains

answer

used to identify specific microbial structures

question

identification by biomedical tests

answer

analytical profile index: biochemical panel for identification of clinical relevant bacteria.
growth of the specimen causes colour changes in chambers according to metabolic product

question

goal of PCR

answer

produce copies of a particular DNA fragment

question

PCR key ingredients

answer

DNA polymerase, primers, nucleotides, buffer, template

question

3 steps of PCR

answer

denaturation, annealing, extension

question

agglutination

answer

process that occurs of an antigen is mixed with its corresponding antibody

question

direct agglutination

answer

antibodies react with antigens on cells or acellular particles sch as viruses and form agglutinates

question

indirect agglutination

answer

antibodies or antigens are bound to latex beads forming larger agglutinates in presence of respective antigen or antibody

question

hemagglutination assay

answer

patients serum can be directly used to detect a specific serum or indirect assay

question

point of care devices

answer

obtain diagnostics results in a short time

question

good POC

answer

high sensitivity, high specificity

question

high sensitivity

answer

refers to how small of a sample a test can detect

question

high specificity

answer

specificity refers to how well a test can distinguish positives and negatives

question

conventional techniques

answer

determination of phenotypic characteristics

question

MALDI-TOF

answer

matric assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry

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