question
control of microbial growth is..
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essential in order to prevent the transmission of diseases and infection, spoilage, and unwanted contamination
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how are microorganisms controlled
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physical and chemical reagents
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physical agents
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high or low temperature, desiccation, osmotic pressure
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chemical agents
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disinfectants, antiseptics, antibiotics
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procedure that leads to death of cells
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cidal (used when living microorganisms must be eliminated)
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procedure that inhibits growth
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static (used when organisms need not to be killed, but growth needs to be slowed or stopped)
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most common mode of action of chemicals
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disruption of cell membranes or interference with nucleic acid or protein synthesis
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antimicrobials
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substances that kill or prevent growth of microbial cells
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how are antimicrobials used
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therapeutically in treatment of diseases caused by microbial pathogens
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selective toxicity
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interference with metabolic factor or process in the pathogen, but little to no effect on host
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how do antimicrobials exert their effect on cells
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inhibition of cell wall and protein synthesis, interference with nucleic acid synthesis and membrane function
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antiseptics (used to treat wounds or used as mouthwash)
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chemicals that kill (bactericidal) or inhibit (bacteriostatic) growth of microorganisms and safe on animal tissue
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disinfectants (kill or remove microorganisms on surfaces)
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germicidal or germistatic chemicals that are not safe on animal tissue-- wide use in home, labs, or hospitals
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antibiotics (used internally or externally in treatment of infectious disease)
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chemicals produced by one microorganism that kills or inhibits growth of another microorganism
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method/ test to determine bacterial susceptibility
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disk-diffusion method/ kirby-bauer test
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if bacteria is susceptible
answer
antibiotics inhibit growth, clear zone of inhibition will be visible
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if bacteria is resistant
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growth will be visible next to antibiotic
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how do we measure zone of inhibition
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in mm-- sensitive, intermediate, resistant
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most common chemicals
answer
antiseptics, disinfectants, antibiotics
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what does a clear zone indicate
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the inoculated bacterium is susceptible to that antibiotic
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clear area is called
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zone of inhibition
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the larger the zone of inhibition...
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the more affective the antibiotic is at preventing growth of inoculated bacteria
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if colonies are inside the zone of inhibition
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some of the bacteria are resistant to the antibiotic
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purpose of antibiotic susceptibility test
answer
to determine the sensitivity or resistance of pathogenic bacteria to various antimicrobial compounds
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minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC)
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lowest concentration preventing bacterial growth
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chemical disinfectants are grouped by
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the power of their activity
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