GCH CH 1-4

a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity

the science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life and promoting physical and mental health and efficiency through the organized community efforts toward a sanitary environment

an area for study, research, and practice that places a priority on improving health and achieving equity in health for all people worldwide

To understand
- Progress that has already been made
-The challenges that still remain
-That diseases are not limited by national boundaries
-That there are disparities among groups
-The health-development link
-The need for different actors to work together

physical, mental, social

The public health approach focuses on the health of populations rather than the health of individuals

Emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases
antimicrobial resistance

World bank

$995 or less

$996 to $3,895

$3,896 to $12,055

$12,056 or more

Seventeen goals adopted by the U.N. in 2015 to reduce disparities between developed and developing countries by 2030. All relate to health

Health
education
development
poverty
equity

genetics
health behavior
social-environmental conditions access to health services
Child development
employment & work conditions
government policies & programs

Health status
health services
financing of health

Life expectancy at birth
infant mortality rates
neo-natal mortality rate
child mortality rate
maternal mortality ratio
morbidity
mortality
disability
Prevalence
incidence

HALE
DALY
leading causes of death and disability

High blood pressure
smoking
malnutrition
obesity
sanitation

Population growth
population aging
urbanization
the demographic divide
the demographic transition
epidemiological transition

Parent's health and education affects their children

Good health increases longevity and lifetime earnings
Healthy workers are more productive than unhealthy workers
When ill, many people cannot work and therefore cannot earn money

- Costs of illness can cause individuals and families to dispose of assets, and fall into poverty
- Illness often leads to a decrease in earnings
- Indirect costs to illness, such as transportation
- Long-lasting disabilities generally require considerable expenditure on health services

Differences in health that are not only unnecessary and avoidable, but also unfair and unjust

differences in health status or in the distribution of health determinants between different population groups

Equity is about fairness, equality is about outcomes

Most high income countries spend 9-12% of GDP & have higher expectancy
Most low income counties spend 3-6% GDP & have lower expectancy

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