question
Bacteria shapes
answer
sphere - cocci
rod - bacillus
spirochete- spirilla
rod - bacillus
spirochete- spirilla
question
What is the benefit of gram staining?
answer
identifcation of specimen
gram positive - purple d/t thick peptidoglycan wall
gram negative - pink - retains safranin
gram positive - purple d/t thick peptidoglycan wall
gram negative - pink - retains safranin
question
Reactive test for gram positive cocci (GPC)
streptococcus & staphylococci
streptococcus & staphylococci
answer
hemolytic test
coagulase test
coagulase test
question
Common gram + cocci organisms
answer
Streptococcus sp
Staphylococcus sp
Enterococcus sp
Peptostreptococcus sp (anaerobic)
Staphylococcus sp
Enterococcus sp
Peptostreptococcus sp (anaerobic)
question
Common gram + bacilli organisms
answer
Bacillusanthracis
Clostridium sp (anaerobic)
Corynebacterium sp
Listeria sp
Clostridium sp (anaerobic)
Corynebacterium sp
Listeria sp
question
Reactive tests for Gram negative Rods (GNR)
answer
Oxidase test - detects enzyme cytochrome oxidase which is released by bacteria Neisseria or pseudomonas
postive = purple
Lactose test- detects enzyme beta- galactosidase
positive = pink
postive = purple
Lactose test- detects enzyme beta- galactosidase
positive = pink
question
Common Gram negative cocci organism
answer
neisseria gonorrhoeae
neisseria meningitides
moraxella sp
neisseria meningitides
moraxella sp
question
Common gram negative bacilli organism
answer
Lactose fermenation:
Citrobacter sp
Escherichiacoli
enterobacter sp
klebsiella sp
serratia sp
Non- lactose fermentation:
Pseudomonas sp
Proteus sp
Yersinia sp
acinetobacter sp
bacterioides sp
legionella sp
Campylobacter sp
Salmonella sp
Shigella sp
Stenotrophomonas sp
Escherichia coli
Citrobacter sp
Escherichiacoli
enterobacter sp
klebsiella sp
serratia sp
Non- lactose fermentation:
Pseudomonas sp
Proteus sp
Yersinia sp
acinetobacter sp
bacterioides sp
legionella sp
Campylobacter sp
Salmonella sp
Shigella sp
Stenotrophomonas sp
Escherichia coli
question
Encapsulated organisms
Types of bacteria?
Types of bacteria?
answer
· Hemophilus influenza Type B
· Streptococcus pneumoniae (Pneumococcus)
· Neisseria meningitides (Meningococcus)
· Group A and Group B Streptococcus
· Klebsiella pneumoniae
· Salmonella typhi
· Streptococcus pneumoniae (Pneumococcus)
· Neisseria meningitides (Meningococcus)
· Group A and Group B Streptococcus
· Klebsiella pneumoniae
· Salmonella typhi
question
Encapsulated organisms characteristics
answer
· Bacteria that have an extra thick layer of polysaccharides
· Unable to undergo phagocytosis
· Patients without B cells or lack of a spleen have high mortality from infections
· Unable to undergo phagocytosis
· Patients without B cells or lack of a spleen have high mortality from infections
question
Types of atypical bacteria
answer
· Mycoplasma pneumoniae
· Chlamydia pneumoniae
· Rickettsiae
· Chlamydia pneumoniae
· Rickettsiae
question
Atypical bacteria characteristics
answer
lack of cellular wall
incomplete bacteria
incomplete bacteria
question
Rapid tests needed for:
answer
· MRSA (methicillin resistant)
· MSSA (methicillin susceptible)
· Group A Streptococcus
· E coli producing ESBL (extended spectrum beta lactamases)
· Klebsiella producing ESBL
(ESBL will deactivate drug)
· MSSA (methicillin susceptible)
· Group A Streptococcus
· E coli producing ESBL (extended spectrum beta lactamases)
· Klebsiella producing ESBL
(ESBL will deactivate drug)
question
Staphylococcus epidermidis
answer
coagulase negative
common bacteria on the skin
common bacteria on the skin
question
Staphylococcus aureus
answer
coagulate postive
produces toxin
methicillin resistant vs methicillin sensitive
MRSA increases prevalence of infections but BOTH are difficult
produces toxin
methicillin resistant vs methicillin sensitive
MRSA increases prevalence of infections but BOTH are difficult
question
H-N-M
answer
gram negative cocci
o Haemophilus
o Neisseria
o Moraxella
o Haemophilus
o Neisseria
o Moraxella
question
common infections of neisseria
answer
meningitis & stds
question
common infections of haemophilus and moraxella
answer
upper and lower respiratory infections
question
Common infections of atypicals
answer
upper respiratory infection and walking pneumonia (often treat without knowing bacteria)
question
Pseudomonas are associated with ?
answer
hospitals and infections after antibiotics (potential for multi-drug resistance)
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