GHD Exam 1

most recent definition is a state of physical, mental, and social well-being in which disease and infirmity are absent

health as a lack of impairment of everyday activities

health as absence of disease

state of complete physical, mental, and social wellbeing and not merely absence of disease or infirmity

health as adaptation not fixed entity

The health of populations in a worldwide context that go beyond the perspectives and concerns of individual countries. Global health is about an international collaborative approach to achieving equity in health for all people worldwide.

the study of health issues that affect people living in the developing world

oldest set of health guidelines

oldest set of health laws

community sanitation w greek toilets, industrial revolution brings smell bad=be bad, germ theory

john snow, cholera found from polluted water in communal pump

The average number of years an individual can be expected to live, given current social, economic, and medical conditions. Life expectancy at birth is the average number of years a newborn infant can expect to live.

shift from infectious/acute disease to chronic disease

shift from under nutrition to over nutrition

shift towards lower birth and death rates

reduction of birth rates

an exposure or characteristic that increases the likelihood of developing a particular disease

1) Strong Association (exposure tied to disease)
2) Temporal Sequence (exposed and got sick, time)
3) Dose-effect Response (more you're exposed=greater the risk)
4) Absence factor (absence of disease)
5) Other considerations/populations (other vectors, evaluated multiple populations)

age, ethnicity, and genetic markers for certain diseases (mother to child spread of hiv)

Factors contributing to the development of a noncommunicable disease that can be altered by modifying one's behavior or environment (unprotected sex transmittance of hiv)

Primary: prevent/promotion Secondary: screen-early detection Tertiary: treat- to prevent further deterioration, rehab

eight goals adopted by the UN to address inequity in the international system with the objective to improve people's lives globally by 2015; developing countries

1. Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger
2. Achieve universal primary education
3. Promote gender equality and empower women
4. Reduce child mortality
5. Improve maternal health
6. Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases
7. Ensure environmental sustainability
8. Develop a global partnership for development

Seventeen goals adopted by the U.N. in 2015 to reduce disparities between developed and developing countries by 2030.

1. No poverty
2. Zero hunger
3. Good health and wellbeing
4. Quality education
5. Gender equality
6. Clean water and sanitation
8. Decent work and economic growth
16. Peace, justice and strong institutions

birth, death rates, mortality, morbidity rates, disability, risk factor rates

study of size and composition of human populations

births per year per 1000 people in the total population

deaths per year per 1000 people in total population

The number of people under age 15 and over age 64 compared to the number of people active in the labor force

the state of being diseased or unhealthy within population

the number of years the average person born into a population can expect to live without disability

new cases of disease

total cases of disease

an estimate of the impact of disease, disability and premature death on a population

A measure of burden of disease, one DALY equals one year of healthy life lost due to premature death and time lived with illness, disease or injury.

SES conditions that influence health status and access to health services

1) Place of residence (rural/urban; particular state or province; housing characteristics)
2) Ethnicity
3) Occupation (employment status)
4) Gender (male/female/other)
5) Religion
6) Education
7) Social Capital (neighborhood, community and family support)
8) Socioeconomic position (income, wealth, and other measures)
9) PLUS Age, Disability, Sexual Orientation, Other vulnerable groups

Gross Domestic Product- the total market value of all final goods and services produced annually in an economy

The total value of goods and services, including income received from abroad, produced by the residents of a country within a specific time period, usually one year.

The value of the output of goods and services produced in a country in a year, including money that leaves and enters the country

The amount of money needed in one country to purchase the same goods and services in another country

differences in health experience and health status

health differences that are a function of social, political, and economic environments

economic structure creates or manufactures risk

globalization has unintended consequences which are translated into risk and that risk in one society is now a global issue bc we are so interconnected

the basic rights to which all people are entitled as human beings

Magna Carta 1215
Petition of Right 1628
Declaration of Independence 1776
Declaration of Rights of Man and of the Citizen 1789
Universal Declaration of Human Rights 1948

A 1948 statement in which the United Nations declared that all human beings have rights to life, liberty, and security.

recruits a representative sample of a population, asks them to complete a survey and uses info to get a snapshot of health status in the population at one point in time

true

unemployment rates and income disparities

chronic psychosocial stress and higher rates of poverty associated with reduced health status, different cultural practices like preferred diets

the exposure is a risk factor for the disease

true

true

true

essential support functions

tertiary prevention

true

true

there are a lot of infant and child deaths in Sierra Leone

morbidity

cancers of the reproductive system

autism spectrum disorders

supernatural viewpoint

race

urban health

average life expectancy at birth increasing by 20 years; we are living longer worldwide

not for the nations that are still developing and cannot make the goals of things like hunger, gender equality, and poverty in a short period of time

the flu shot strains from asia, fruits and veggies being imported from other countries

impoverished women, there is not currently much being done to fix this