Global Health and Diversity Study Guide

combines losses from premature death and losses of healthy life that result from disability

global burden of disease
units of disability-adjusted life-years

Difference between the actual age at death and life expectancy at that age in a low-mortality population

cannot address consequences of disease
cannot measure effects of social dysfunction, violence, or war

promotes the rights and well-being of every child, in everything we do. Together with our partners, we work in 190 countries and territories to translate that commitment into practical action, focusing special effort on reaching the most vulnerable and excluded children, to the benefit of all children, everywhere

primary role is to direct and coordinate international health within the United Nations' system
main areas of work: Health systemsPromoting health through the life-course
Noncommunicable diseases
Communicable diseases
Corporate services
Preparedness, surveillance and response

involves health matters that affect two or more countries

involves multinational efforts to address health problems that cross national borders

Increased potential for the spread of communicable diseases
Increased incidence of noncommunicable conditions due to culture and lifestyle changes
Global climate change
Greater impact of social determinants of health
Decreasing ability of individual countries to address health issues

Broader dissemination of health care technology
Improvements in labor standards and wages
Increased concern for human life
Medical tourism
Telemedicine

influenced by
- Multinational business corporations with tremendous power to influence world events
- Global networks of non-governmental organizations (NGOs)
- New rules of governance such as international agreements, new modes of communication, global movement among people

impact on culture, employment, working conditions
income, security, family life, and other aspects of social interaction
redistribution of power from states to international bodies

reflects thoughts about ourselves and our world
positive effects of globalization in this dimension
- expansion of democratic principles
- support for human rights

-creates changes in our experiences of time
-increased speed of transactions, political change, and resource depletion

reflects international trade
increased cultural exchange
- movement back and forth across national borders is common and increasingly easy

process of increasing interconnectedness between societies such that events in one part of the world increasingly have effect on peoples and societies far away

1) improving the health and well-being of people around the world
2) improving capabilities for preparing for and responding to infectious diseases and emerging health threats
3) building country public health capacity
4) maximizing organizational capacity

population health status
determinants of health

77.8 years

malaria, TB, polio, new viruses, measles, HIV
eradication of diseases

COPD, heart disease, cancer, etc.
six of the top ten causes of death worldwide were related to noncommunicable diseases

- Accounts for large portion of the world's disease
burden
- Many children around the world are underweight and
have multiple micronutrient deficiencies.

stronger immune systems
decreased illness
better maternal/child health
longer life spans
improved learning outcomes for children

immunizations, environmental sanitation, virtual eradication of smallpox

industrial water contamination
medical waste dumping
airborne chemicals
children at highest risk

largest cause of death from one infectious agent
leading killer of people with HIV

HIV and multidrug resistance

rise in children, young adults, and heterosexuals

affects more than 50% of world
advent of DDT-resistant mosquitoes

leading cause of death in children under age of 5 years
rampant among impoverished
1.7 million cases yearly related to water, sanitation and hygiene

acute watery
persistent
bloody

improve childhood nutrition, need for improvement of living conditions as well

little recognition of their effects
rise in cases due to
- aging global population
- change in diet
- increased tobacco use
- decreased physical activity

Earthquakes, tsunamis, floods, hurricanes, cyclones, droughts

Typically the poor are the worst hit due to their lack of resources to cope and rebuild.

Bioterrorism
Chemical emergency
Pandemics and epidemics
Radiation poisoning
Terrorism and genocide

poverty
food and water
tobacco/alcohol control
motor vehicle traffic
climate change
immigration
wars
disasters
bioterrorism

promote worldwide nursing exchange
advance nursing profession
influence global health policy