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health-geography

Global Health Terminology

0 min read
Posted on 
May 22nd, 2023
Home health-geography Global Health Terminology
question
What is health?
answer
a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity
question
What is global health?
answer
an area of study, research and practice that places a priority on improving health and achieving health equity in health for people world wide
question
what is the difference between equity and equality?
answer

Equality means each individual or group of people is given the same resources or opportunities.

Equity recognizes that each person has different circumstances and allocates the exact resources and opportunities needed to reach an equal outcome.

(think of the watching the baseball metaphor)

question
What does MDG stand for?
answer
Millennium Development Goals
question
What are the MDGs?
answer
8 goals and 15 targets designed to reduce poverty, health disparities, and climate change
question
What are the 8 MDGs?
answer

1. Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger

2. Achieve universal primary education

3. Promote gender equality and empower women

4. Reduce child mortality

5. Improve maternal health

6. Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases

7. Ensure environmental sustainability

8. Develop a global partnership for development

question
What does SDG stand for?
answer
Sustainable Development Goals
question
What are the SDGs?
answer
17 new goals with 169 specific targets designed to end extreme poverty, maintain the fight against inequality and justice, and fix climate change
question
What are the 17 SDGs?
answer

1: No Poverty

2: Zero Hunger

3: Good Health and Well-being

4: Quality Education

5: Gender Equality

6: Clean Water and Sanitation

7: Affordable and Clean Energy

8: Decent Work and Economic Growth

9: Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure

10: Reduced Inequality

11: Sustainable Cities and Communities

12: Responsible Consumption and Production

13: Climate Action

14: Life Below Water

15: Life on Land

16: Peace and Justice Strong Institutions

17: Partnerships to achieve the goals

question
What are the social determinants of health?
answer
conditions in which people are born, grow, live, work and age
question
what are the determinants of health
answer
the range of personal, social, economic, and environmental factors that influence health status
question
what is the maternal mortality ratio (mmr)?
answer
the number of women who die as a result of pregnancy or childbirth related complications per 100,000 live briths in a given year
question
what is the infant mortality rate (imr)?
answer
the number of deaths of infants under the age of 1 per 1000 live births in a given year
question
what is the under 5 mortality rate (U5mr)
answer
the probability that a new born will die before reaching age five (number/1000 live births)
question
what is life expectancy at birth?
answer
the average number of years a newborn could expect to live if current mortality rates remain constant
question
what is the death rate?
answer
the number of deaths per 1000 people per year
question
what is morbidity?
answer
presence of disease or illness
question
what is prevalance?
answer
the number of people suffering from a specific health condition over a specific time period (the total number of cases)
question
what is point prevalence?
answer
proportion of population that has the disease at a single point in time
question
what is incidence rate?
answer
the ratio of new cases of the disease to the total number of people at risk per unit of time
question
what is disability?
answer

a temporary or long-term reduction in an individual's capacity to function

question
What is vital registration?
answer
a system that tracks health information
question
why is the maternal mortality ratio so important?
answer

it acts a proxy indicator of the strength of a nation's health care system

question
What are the WHO's 3 classifications of disease?
answer

1. communicable (includes complications related to maternal health and pregnancy, and nutritional issues)

2. non-communicable (ncds) (includes mental health issues)

3. injuries

question
What is a HALE?
answer
health adjusted life expectancy
question
What is the definition of a HALE?
answer
the expected number of years to be lived in good health
question
What is a DALY?
answer
disability adjusted life year
question
How is a DALY calculated?
answer

YLL + YLD

(years of life lost) + (years of life lost due to disability)

question
How are years of life lost calculated?
answer
global average (human potential) or national average life expectancy - age at death
question
how are years of life lost due to a disability calculated?
answer
years of life lived with a disability * the disability weight
question
What is the definition of a DALY used for?
answer
a way to measure the amount of health lost due to an illness or disability
question
Why are DALYs useful?
answer
enable the comparison of health status of individuals suffering significantly different diseases
1 of 32
question
What is health?
answer
a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity
question
What is global health?
answer
an area of study, research and practice that places a priority on improving health and achieving health equity in health for people world wide
question
what is the difference between equity and equality?
answer

Equality means each individual or group of people is given the same resources or opportunities.

Equity recognizes that each person has different circumstances and allocates the exact resources and opportunities needed to reach an equal outcome.

(think of the watching the baseball metaphor)

question
What does MDG stand for?
answer
Millennium Development Goals
question
What are the MDGs?
answer
8 goals and 15 targets designed to reduce poverty, health disparities, and climate change
question
What are the 8 MDGs?
answer

1. Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger

2. Achieve universal primary education

3. Promote gender equality and empower women

4. Reduce child mortality

5. Improve maternal health

6. Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases

7. Ensure environmental sustainability

8. Develop a global partnership for development

question
What does SDG stand for?
answer
Sustainable Development Goals
question
What are the SDGs?
answer
17 new goals with 169 specific targets designed to end extreme poverty, maintain the fight against inequality and justice, and fix climate change
question
What are the 17 SDGs?
answer

1: No Poverty

2: Zero Hunger

3: Good Health and Well-being

4: Quality Education

5: Gender Equality

6: Clean Water and Sanitation

7: Affordable and Clean Energy

8: Decent Work and Economic Growth

9: Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure

10: Reduced Inequality

11: Sustainable Cities and Communities

12: Responsible Consumption and Production

13: Climate Action

14: Life Below Water

15: Life on Land

16: Peace and Justice Strong Institutions

17: Partnerships to achieve the goals

question
What are the social determinants of health?
answer
conditions in which people are born, grow, live, work and age
question
what are the determinants of health
answer
the range of personal, social, economic, and environmental factors that influence health status
question
what is the maternal mortality ratio (mmr)?
answer
the number of women who die as a result of pregnancy or childbirth related complications per 100,000 live briths in a given year
question
what is the infant mortality rate (imr)?
answer
the number of deaths of infants under the age of 1 per 1000 live births in a given year
question
what is the under 5 mortality rate (U5mr)
answer
the probability that a new born will die before reaching age five (number/1000 live births)
question
what is life expectancy at birth?
answer
the average number of years a newborn could expect to live if current mortality rates remain constant
question
what is the death rate?
answer
the number of deaths per 1000 people per year
question
what is morbidity?
answer
presence of disease or illness
question
what is prevalance?
answer
the number of people suffering from a specific health condition over a specific time period (the total number of cases)
question
what is point prevalence?
answer
proportion of population that has the disease at a single point in time
question
what is incidence rate?
answer
the ratio of new cases of the disease to the total number of people at risk per unit of time
question
what is disability?
answer

a temporary or long-term reduction in an individual's capacity to function

question
What is vital registration?
answer
a system that tracks health information
question
why is the maternal mortality ratio so important?
answer

it acts a proxy indicator of the strength of a nation's health care system

question
What are the WHO's 3 classifications of disease?
answer

1. communicable (includes complications related to maternal health and pregnancy, and nutritional issues)

2. non-communicable (ncds) (includes mental health issues)

3. injuries

question
What is a HALE?
answer
health adjusted life expectancy
question
What is the definition of a HALE?
answer
the expected number of years to be lived in good health
question
What is a DALY?
answer
disability adjusted life year
question
How is a DALY calculated?
answer

YLL + YLD

(years of life lost) + (years of life lost due to disability)

question
How are years of life lost calculated?
answer
global average (human potential) or national average life expectancy - age at death
question
how are years of life lost due to a disability calculated?
answer
years of life lived with a disability * the disability weight
question
What is the definition of a DALY used for?
answer
a way to measure the amount of health lost due to an illness or disability
question
Why are DALYs useful?
answer
enable the comparison of health status of individuals suffering significantly different diseases

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