question
-inborn features
-socioeconomic status
-culture
-environment
-educational attainment
-health behaviors
-childhood development
-access to care
-government policy
-socioeconomic status
-culture
-environment
-educational attainment
-health behaviors
-childhood development
-access to care
-government policy
answer
what do determinants include?
question
increasing
answer
is attention to the social determinants of health increasing or decreasing?
question
-education access and equality
-health care and quality
-neighborhood and built environment
-social and community context
-economic stability
-health care and quality
-neighborhood and built environment
-social and community context
-economic stability
answer
what are the social determinants of health
question
-genetic makeup
-sex
-age
-sex
-age
answer
what do inborn features include?
question
-high social status, increased control
-higher income and education
-gender roles
-familial support and social safety nets
-higher income and education
-gender roles
-familial support and social safety nets
answer
what are some social and cultural issues?
question
-indoor and outdoor
-work site safety and standards
-outdoor pollution
-water and sanitation
-air pollution
-chemical exposures
-improper ventilation
-physical environment, housing, communities
-work site safety and standards
-outdoor pollution
-water and sanitation
-air pollution
-chemical exposures
-improper ventilation
-physical environment, housing, communities
answer
what are some components of the environment that can effect health?
question
-multifactorial importance
-knowledge of health practice
-employment, skills, income
-single best predictor of the birth weight of the child
-predictor of all key health indicators
-nutrition, smoking, obesity, child health
-child development
-access to services
-government policies and interventions, surveillance
-knowledge of health practice
-employment, skills, income
-single best predictor of the birth weight of the child
-predictor of all key health indicators
-nutrition, smoking, obesity, child health
-child development
-access to services
-government policies and interventions, surveillance
answer
how does the role of education effect health?
question
infant mortality rate
answer
The percentage of children who die before their first birthday within a particular area or country.
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life expectancy at birth
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Predicted average length of life at birth.
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maternal mortality ratio
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The number of women who die giving birth per 100,000 births
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normal mortality rate
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the number of deaths to infants under 28 dats of age in a given year per 1,000 live births in that year
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Morbidity
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Refers to ill health in an individual and the levels of ill health in a population or group.
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mortality
answer
death
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disability
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any lost, absent, or impaired physical or mental function
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Health Adjusted Life Expectancy (HALE)
answer
summarizes expected number of years to be lived in what might be termed the equivalent of good health
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the years of ill health are weighted according to severity and subtracted from overall life expectancy
answer
how do you calculate HALE?
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Disability Adjusted Life Year (DALY)
answer
The sum of years lost due to premature death (YLLs) and years lived with disability (YLDs). are also defined as years of healthy life lost
question
losses due to illness, disability and premature death in a population
answer
what does DALY indicate?
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incidence
answer
The number or rate of new cases of a particular condition during a specific time.
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prevalence
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The number or proportion of cases of a particular disease or condition present in a population at a given time.
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communicable diseases
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illnesses that are easily passed from one person to another
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noncommunicable disease
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a disease that is not spread from one host to another
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injuries
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include road traffic injuries, falls, self-inflicted injuries, and violence, among other things
question
-people in much of the world are living longer than before and dying at lower rates than earlier
-as people live longer, there is an increase in the years people live with a disability
-the burden of disease is predominantly noncommunicable in all world bank regions, except sub-saharan Africa
-the burden of disease has shifted increasingly toward noncommunicable diseases in all world bank regions (though COVID has impacted this)
-this shift has been fueled, among other things, by a reduction in communicable diseases and the aging of populations
-as people live longer, there is an increase in the years people live with a disability
-the burden of disease is predominantly noncommunicable in all world bank regions, except sub-saharan Africa
-the burden of disease has shifted increasingly toward noncommunicable diseases in all world bank regions (though COVID has impacted this)
-this shift has been fueled, among other things, by a reduction in communicable diseases and the aging of populations
answer
what is the overview of patterns and trends in the burden of disease?
question
-higher income countries tend to have a greater burden of noncommunicable diseases
-the lowest income countries have a greater burden of communicable diseases
-africa and south aria are set apart by their large burdens of communicable disease
-the lowest income countries have a greater burden of communicable diseases
-africa and south aria are set apart by their large burdens of communicable disease
answer
causes of death by region
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-rural people will be less healthy
-disadvantaged ethnic minorities will be less healthy
-females will suffer from their weak social positions
-poor people will be less healthy
-uneducated people will be less healthy
-disadvantaged ethnic minorities will be less healthy
-females will suffer from their weak social positions
-poor people will be less healthy
-uneducated people will be less healthy
answer
the burden of deaths and disease within low and middle-income countries
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risk factor
answer
An aspect of personal behavior or lifestyle, an environmental exposure, or an inborn or inherited characteristic that is associated with an increased occurrence of disease or other health-related event or condition.
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1)dietary risks
2)high blood pressure
3)smoking
4)household air pollution
5)ambient particulate matter pollution
6)high fasting plasma glucose
7)physical inactivity
8)high body mass index
9)alcohol use
10)high total cholesterol
2)high blood pressure
3)smoking
4)household air pollution
5)ambient particulate matter pollution
6)high fasting plasma glucose
7)physical inactivity
8)high body mass index
9)alcohol use
10)high total cholesterol
answer
risk factors for low and middle income countries
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1)dietary risks
2)high blood pressure
3)smoking
4)high body-mass index
5)physical inactivity
6)high fasting plasma glucose
7)high total cholesterol
8)ambient particulate matter pollution
9)alcohol use
10)lead
2)high blood pressure
3)smoking
4)high body-mass index
5)physical inactivity
6)high fasting plasma glucose
7)high total cholesterol
8)ambient particulate matter pollution
9)alcohol use
10)lead
answer
risk factors for high-income countries
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