gram negative infections respiratory pathogens

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haemophilus

answer

small, gram negative rods, curved ends make them appear round; exclusive to humans and cause respiratory infections

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H. influenzae

answer

small, gram negative rod, encapsulated pathogen (polysaccharide- antiphagocytic); most significant type of Haemophilus

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asplenic

answer

_______ pts have difficulty opsonizing encapsulated organisms - should vaccinate these pts against big 3 encapsulated organisms

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H. parainfluenzae

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can cause respiratory disease

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H. ducreyi

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can cause chanchroid- painful STD

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H. influenzae

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former leading cause of meningitis in young kids (but has decreased with vaccination); still important cause of URI: otitis media, sinusitis, conjunctivitis, epiglottitis

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IgA protease

answer

H. influenzae produces this, which increases penetration of mucosal and respiratory surfaces

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epiglottitis

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presentation often occurring in young kids: high fever, drooling, inability to handle secretions, and can obstruct airway

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moraxella catarrhalis

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common cause of respiratory infections (sinusitis, otitis, PNA), COPD exacerbations

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beta lactamase

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virtually all moraxella catarrhalis are ____ ________ positive, which moderates drug resistance

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bordetella pertussis

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"whooping cough"

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bordetella pertussis

answer

produces pertussis toxin- major cause of virulence; droplet transmission (bacteria rides on droplets, which is shorter range than airborne)

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bordetella pertussis

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50% of cases occur <2 years and peaks at < 4 months; adults are main reservoir and rise in cases as vaccination declines

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bronchitis

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for adults- bordetella pertussis infx often mimics bronchitis; however, consider pertussis if cough >2 wks, inspiratory whoop, paroxysmal cough, and post-tussive vomiting

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legionella

answer

influenza like illness, can be severe, rapidly fatal- pneumonia

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legionella

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associated with pooled water in AC units, water-cooling towers, nosocomial infx; must heat/chlorinate water to kills organisms

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pontiac fever

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milder, flu-like form of legionnaire's disease

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legionella

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causes legionnaire's disease

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anaerobic

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this type of infection occurs when part of normal flora invades other sites; several produce gas

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question

haemophilus

answer

small, gram negative rods, curved ends make them appear round; exclusive to humans and cause respiratory infections

question

H. influenzae

answer

small, gram negative rod, encapsulated pathogen (polysaccharide- antiphagocytic); most significant type of Haemophilus

question

asplenic

answer

_______ pts have difficulty opsonizing encapsulated organisms - should vaccinate these pts against big 3 encapsulated organisms

question

H. parainfluenzae

answer

can cause respiratory disease

question

H. ducreyi

answer

can cause chanchroid- painful STD

question

H. influenzae

answer

former leading cause of meningitis in young kids (but has decreased with vaccination); still important cause of URI: otitis media, sinusitis, conjunctivitis, epiglottitis

question

IgA protease

answer

H. influenzae produces this, which increases penetration of mucosal and respiratory surfaces

question

epiglottitis

answer

presentation often occurring in young kids: high fever, drooling, inability to handle secretions, and can obstruct airway

question

moraxella catarrhalis

answer

common cause of respiratory infections (sinusitis, otitis, PNA), COPD exacerbations

question

beta lactamase

answer

virtually all moraxella catarrhalis are ____ ________ positive, which moderates drug resistance

question

bordetella pertussis

answer

"whooping cough"

question

bordetella pertussis

answer

produces pertussis toxin- major cause of virulence; droplet transmission (bacteria rides on droplets, which is shorter range than airborne)

question

bordetella pertussis

answer

50% of cases occur <2 years and peaks at < 4 months; adults are main reservoir and rise in cases as vaccination declines

question

bronchitis

answer

for adults- bordetella pertussis infx often mimics bronchitis; however, consider pertussis if cough >2 wks, inspiratory whoop, paroxysmal cough, and post-tussive vomiting

question

legionella

answer

influenza like illness, can be severe, rapidly fatal- pneumonia

question

legionella

answer

associated with pooled water in AC units, water-cooling towers, nosocomial infx; must heat/chlorinate water to kills organisms

question

pontiac fever

answer

milder, flu-like form of legionnaire's disease

question

legionella

answer

causes legionnaire's disease

question

anaerobic

answer

this type of infection occurs when part of normal flora invades other sites; several produce gas

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