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Definition of Health by WHO
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Health is a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.
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Difference between international health and global health
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International health focuses on the health of participating countries with intention to affegct non-participating countries, while global health directly states that its goal is to promote health and prevent and treat diseases for all people in all countries across the globe.
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Difference between disease, illness, and sickness
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Disease then, is the pathological process, deviation from a biological norm. Illness is the patient's experience of ill health, sometimes when no disease can be found. Sickness is the role negotiated with society.
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Difference between medicine and public health
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The biggest difference between public health and medicine is that public health deals with health from the perspective of populations, while medicine deals with health from the perspective of individuals.
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WHO
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World Health Organization (Organized by administrative headquarters, assembly, executive board)
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PAHO
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Subunit of the WHO and just for the Americas.
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Slim Foundation
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Dengue vaccine process in Mexico
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Philanthropic organizations
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Clinton foundation, Rockefeller foundation, Slim Foundation, and Gates foundation
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Sources of Health Data
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Population health data, vital statistics, Morbidity statistics, Health Services statistics
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ICD
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International classification of diseases which can be found by WHO
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WHO International Health regulations
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Countries must report the disease and follow health measures
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DALY
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By: Global Burden of disease
- measures future and present of future years loss because of death and disability
- measures future and present of future years loss because of death and disability
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3 indicators of birth rate
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Infant mortality rate, maternal mortality rate and ratio (rate = reproductive age, Ratio= life)
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Biomedical
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biological processes, and norms
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behavioural perspectives
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individual habits that would result in the disease
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Biosocial
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Critical political economy (analyzes the mutual constitution of "the economic" and "the political" in the process of European integration)
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Social determinants of health
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social determinants of health (SDH) are the non-medical factors that influence health outcomes (racialization, gendering, exclusion, and class)
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Societal determinants of health
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broader, goes beyond social epidemiology
structural violence, social medicine, broader economic impoverishment of a certain region
more left wing scholarship: critical feminist/Marxist, imperialism
political and economic structures that shape health outcomes
more driven by historical evidence and accounts of structural forces
structural violence, social medicine, broader economic impoverishment of a certain region
more left wing scholarship: critical feminist/Marxist, imperialism
political and economic structures that shape health outcomes
more driven by historical evidence and accounts of structural forces
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pro-social epidemiology
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Branch of epidemiology that focuses particularly on the effects of social-structural factors on states of health
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Epigenetics
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study of how your behaviors and environment can cause changes that affect the way your genes work
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Exposome
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How what you are exposed to affects your health
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Holoboint
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Relationship between a host and microorganisms
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Colonialism
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Attempt by one country to establish settlements and to impose its political, economic, and cultural principles in another territory.
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Imperialism
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A policy of extending a country's power and influence through diplomacy or military force.
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Colonies as sites of experimentation
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Traditional/ indigenous knowledge eliminated/ reappropriated without recognition
Control/ containment over care
for both nature and human beings become commodities for exploitation to favour empires
Control/ containment over care
for both nature and human beings become commodities for exploitation to favour empires
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Disruption of ecologies
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sleeping sickness and malaria (health arguments to justify othering leading to racism, gender categories and need to civilize) and tropical medicine
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Tropical medicine
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leads to germ theory (germs cause sickness) darker the slave better the slave for the hot climate but weaker the immune system.
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Missionary Medicine
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protestant faith, goal is to heal people and save them from sin
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Allostatic load
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accumulation of stress on the human body and affects on health
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World War 2
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50% of Nazis were actually just doctors doing experiments on patients colonial practices of concentration camps, difference between soviets (gave pows a little bits of food to build up but not all at once) USA (American dream, body went into overdrive due to the massive amount of food intake and shut down)
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Nuremberg code
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Need for voluntary consent, results good of society, don't torture humans.
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Declaration of Helsinki
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To uphold the ethical principal of medical research. Guidance for clinical research and protecting human subjects
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Taipei
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Databases and biobanks and where all that information can go.
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US vs USSR
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USSR wanted communism, US wanted capitalism, no real fighting all proxy wars,
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USSR
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Wanted preventative care and life expectancy went up, but noncommunicable disease went up due to chemicals and other stuff, loved reproductive care.
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USA Priorities
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US claimed to want to eradicate world health issues and focused on market power and made health more privatized. World bank and IMF came out from the cold war.
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Deregulation
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Reduction or elimination of government power world bank and IMF giving out Structural adjustment programs (we will help you if you are like us)
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PHC
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Primary healthcare came out from social medicine in the 1970s, they wanted preventative medicine and control of endemic disease, maternal and child healthcare and treatment of the social determinants of health
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GOBI + FFF
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Growth, oral rehydration therapy, breastfeeding, and immunization, Femail education, family spacing and food supplementation
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Alma Ata declaration
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involves all related sector, helping all aspects of the community
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Bellagio conference
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Meeting of western European doctors and policy makers, discussed population growth and GOBI + FFF got started
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World Trade Organization
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5 regulations
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TRIPS
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Copyright and patents protection
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GATS
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Trade and services privatization of health
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SPS
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Lower the standards of exports, cannot enforce your own regulations but have to use theirs
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TRIMS
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You cannot force companies to use local materials
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TBT
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Rules were enforced by environmental and health, Regulatory barriers for health and environmental protection do not create a unnecessary obstacles for trade
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Big Pharma
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Evergreening, kickbacks, who funds research
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