health and medical geography final

-For 2 years, a deadly strain of chicken flu has been killing birds in Asia
-Slightly more than 100 people have contracted the disease, killing 60
-Still no sign that the flu has begun to spread from person to person\
-Transmitted between wild and domesticated birds by bird droppings and water.

The shift in diet to one that is high in saturated fat and sugar; a cause of the global obesity epidemic.

receding
-low fat, high fiber
-labor intensive work
-waning disease
-slow mortality decline

degenerative
-increased fat, sugar, processed foods
-shift in technology of work and leisure
-obesity emerges
-bone density problems
-accelerated life expectancy, increased disability period

behavioral
-reduced fat, increased fruit,veg, carbs, fiber
-purposeful changes in recreation
-reduced body fat, improved bone health
-extended health aging

quick or rapid shift in the genes of a virus
e.g the spanish flu in 1918 almost nobody had immunity and everyone was immunlogically naive.

a gradual shift in the genes of a virus
e.g most seasonal flus, for this reason there's a new vaccine every year

How disease spreads in a population. Hierarchical diffusion spreads from urban to rural areas. Contagious is spread through the density of people.

aka migration The spread of a feature or trend through the bodily movement of people from one place to another.

the spread of a disease downward from introduction. somewhat slower spread to higher level/top of hierarchy. rapid spread downward from top

context is about places, composition is about people. lots of things to look at related to places - built environmental factors, social environment can be harmful or protective. on a personal level there's age and eating habits. an example of context is access to trails. conceptualize scale, trail in neighborhood vs trail in state can have a bigger effect on an individual. neighborhood effects are scale dependent.

the fair treatment and meaningful involvement of all people regardless of race, color, national origin, or income with respect to the development, implementation, and enforcement of environmental laws, regulations, and policies.

a computer system that captures, stores, analyzes and displays data.

it's their evolutionary advantage to not kill the host. it's better to spread

the study of how environmental factors affect human health and quality of life

Compounds that affect breathing that occur indoors. Examples: woodstove smoke, furnace emissions, formaldehyde, radon, household chemicals. causes more health problems than outdoor air pollution (up to 70x more)

Diseases that are new, increasing in incidence, or showing a potential to increase in the near future.
e.g H5N1 and COVID-19 are emerging and spreading to new places

infectious diseases that existed in the past but for a variety of reasons are increasing in incidence or in geographic range

some diseases are related to climate, cholera is related to water environment, malaria is related to vector environment. mercury disease in japan is related through industrial dumping into environment.

Considers those characteristics of the environment as they relate to the health of the population living in large cities
-Factors: physical and social environment, and access to health and social services

Conditions in the neighborhoods surrounding our homes can have major health effects
Social and economic features have been linked to:
Mortality
General health status
Disability
Birth outcomes
Chronic conditions
Health behaviors

study of the interaction of the behavior and ecology of hosts with the biology of pathogens

a relatively new field of research that combines population genetics, landscape ecology, and spatial statistics

originally thought to have evolved in south Africa. this could be because only 25% of the population is vaccinated. there were also almost no coronaviruses when a new variant appeared. HIV prevalence is high and a lot of people are immunocompromised. seems to have an unusual combination of mutations allowing it to spread faster.

...

natural selection, genetic drift, gene flow, mutation