Health and Society Quiz 1

scientific study of the disease pattern in a pop.

the study of the distribution and determinants of health related states or events in specified pop. and application of the study to control of health problems

population in geographical area, age, sex, ethnicity, race, etc.
most common is the pop. in given area at given time
all findings must relate to defined pop.

positive and negative cases

humans
zoonotic diseases
similar clues to pathogenesis (chimpanzees)
pets

from people to animals vice versa

1. describe/analyze disease occurrence and distribution in human pops.
2. identify etiological factors in pathogenesis of diseases
3. provide data essential to planning, implementation, and evaluation of services for prevention, control and treatment of diseases and to setting up go priorities among those services

when, where, who affected

1. eliminate/reduce health problem in question (or its consequences)
2. promote health/wellbeing of society as a whole

proportion or rate of subjects who develop a condition during a particular time period
yesterday= has to be a complete date

proportion of subjects who have a condition at or during a particular time period
depends on incidence and duration
since the start=confirmed cases today (all cases)

comparison of a part to the whole
amount of disease that can be attributed to a particular exposure
vaccinated pop.

measure of frequency with which an events occurs in a defined pop. over a specific period of time

proportion of population that develops illness during an outbreak

proportion of pop. that has a health condition at a point in time

proportion of persons with the disease who die from it

referencing illness/disease/impairment
physical or psychological state considered outside normal wellbeing
often used in relation to chronic/age related diseases
can worsen over time
impact quality of life

heart disease, cancer, stroke, Alzheimer's, influenza and suicide

referencing death - # of deaths due to a specific condition

# deaths due to an illness / total pop. at specific point in time

comparison of # of expected deaths vs number of actual deaths

high morbidity, low mortality

high morbidity, low mortality

low morbidity, high mortality

avoidable/unnatural
fundamental human needs are lost
high cause of unnecessary death
affects diff. people in diff. social structures
bottom rungs of society
subtle, people are marginalized
gradual
systematized
normally accepted
responsibility is. blurred
determines who is heard, valued/devalued/gets resources

poverty, unemployment, discrimination, corrupt political system, poor accountability fo misuse of power, poor health care/schools/housing, racial profiling

the role of stress: stress is implicated in diseases. too much stress releases too much hormones which degrades your body to respond to certain things
mental illness related to mortality (schizophrenia, depression/anxiety)

needs to be cured
pathological process
ex: infection, injury, toxic exposure
etiology: bacteria, fungus, virus, parasites
absence of this does not indicate good health

needs to be managed
ex: pain, weakness, fatigue
experience of/feeling of unhealth
etiology: stress and anxiety
has a societal component
to some degree a subjective measure

not mutually exclusive
often co-occur
disease often causes illnesses

a particular type of health difference that is closely linked with social, economic, and/or environmental disadvantage

health outcome different between populations

environment, access to/ utilization of/ quality of care, health status, particular health outcome needing review

economics, food, education, health care, social, environment

circumstances in which people ae born/grow up/live/work/age
the system put in place to deal with illness
shaped by economics, social policies,
social circumstances create societal stratification and are responsible for health inequities
WHO
between and within countries

the intangible aspect of lower class stress

stressors
coping mechanisms (overweight, smoking, drinking)

fundamental social cause of health inequalities
influences multiple disease processes
access to resources can help avoid risks (SES and having flexible resources)
basic premise: people with high SES have superior, flexible resources and avoid disease in multiple circumstances
greater resources leads to better health
inequality in health will exist as long as financial inequalities does because of basic premise

human service organizations, grant funding. doctors can't make the change (structural change)

attain high quality, longer lives free of preventable disease, disability, injury, premature death
achieve healthy equity, eliminate disparities, and improve health of all groups
create social and physical environments that promote good health for all
promote quality of life, healthy development, healthy behaviors across all life stages