question
what brought on extensive health and social improvements in cities in Europe and the U.S. via sanitation, water and housing?
answer
industrial revolution - 1750-1850
question
from 1750-1850, the industrial revolution brought on extensive health and social improvements in cities in the U.S. and Europe via
answer
sanitation, water and housing
question
what years were the industrial revolution?
answer
1750-1850
question
Increased understanding of causes and modes of
transmission of infectious diseases. Prevention efforts in
effect (what years)
transmission of infectious diseases. Prevention efforts in
effect (what years)
answer
1850-1910
question
Improvements in child
mortality via control of
communicable diseases and
improved nutrition.
Establishment of schools of
public health, international
health foundation, and
intergovernmental agencies
committed to public health
mortality via control of
communicable diseases and
improved nutrition.
Establishment of schools of
public health, international
health foundation, and
intergovernmental agencies
committed to public health
answer
1910-1945
question
What year did the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) promote universal childhood immunizations globally, leading to a drastic-reduction of vaccine preventable disease?
answer
1974
question
In 1974, the _______ promoted universal childhood immunizations globally, leading to a drastic-reduction of vaccine preventable disease?
answer
UNICEF
question
what year was smallpox irradicated?
answer
1981
question
when did the HIV/ AIDS epidemic begin?
answer
1980s
question
from 1900 to current, the worlds poorest countries face what three debilitating diseases?
answer
- malaria
- tuberculosis
- HIV/ AIDS
- tuberculosis
- HIV/ AIDS
question
what was the leading cause of death in the 1800s?
answer
tuberculosis
question
What lead to advances with medical interventions, development of antibiotics, anesthesia and aseptic surgical technique?
answer
WW1 and WW2
question
emergency medicine and emergency medical services came as a result of
answer
WW1 and WW2
question
WW1 and WW2 lead to
answer
- advances in medical interventions
- development of antibiotics
- development of anesthesia
- aseptic surgical technique
- emergency medicine and emergency medical services
- development of antibiotics
- development of anesthesia
- aseptic surgical technique
- emergency medicine and emergency medical services
question
Health problems, issues, and
concerns that transcend national
boundaries and may be addressed
by cooperative actions
concerns that transcend national
boundaries and may be addressed
by cooperative actions
answer
global health
question
"The applications of the principles
of public health to the health
problems and challenges that
transcend national boundaries and
to the complex array of global and
local forces that affect them"
of public health to the health
problems and challenges that
transcend national boundaries and
to the complex array of global and
local forces that affect them"
answer
global health
question
importance and implications of global health
answer
- poor education and poor nutrition leads to a poor society
- social collapse
- political unrest
- national security risk
- economic toll
- social collapse
- political unrest
- national security risk
- economic toll
question
where did West Nile virus begin?
answer
Egypt
spread to asia and US now
spread to asia and US now
question
T or F: AIDS, malaria, avian flue and dengue fever all began outside of the U.S.
answer
T
question
affects of global health in Africa
answer
- death of teachers
- decrease in numbers of farmers
lack of education due to death of teachers and lack of food due to decrease of farmers
- decrease in numbers of farmers
lack of education due to death of teachers and lack of food due to decrease of farmers
question
this disease costed Peru 1 billion dollars
answer
cholera
question
this disease costed india 2 billion dollars
answer
plague
question
this disease costed asia 18 billion dollars
answer
SARS (2003)
question
describe infant mortality rate
answer
number of deaths of infants (under 1) per every 1000 live births in a year
question
the average number of years a newborn baby could expect to live if current mortality rate trends were to continue for the rest of the newborn's life
answer
infant mortality rate
question
maternal mortality ratio
answer
the number of mothers who die as a result of pregnancy or childbirth complications per 100,000 live births per year
question
the number of deaths of infants under 28 days per every 1000 live births in a given year
answer
neonatal mortality rate
question
the probability that a newborn baby will die before reaching age 5, expressed as a number per 1000 live births
answer
under 5 mortality rate (child mortality rate)
question
having a disease or symptom of disease
answer
morbidity
question
the amount of disease within a population
answer
morbidity
question
having a disease or symptoms of disease or the amount of disease within a population
the sickness, or any departure, subjective or objective, of any psychological or physiological state of well-being
the sickness, or any departure, subjective or objective, of any psychological or physiological state of well-being
answer
morbidity
question
related to your risk of death
answer
mortality
question
the number of people suffering from a certain health condition over a given period of time
answer
prevalence
question
rate at which new cases appear in a population
answer
incidence rate
question
a temporary or long term reduction in the person's ability to function
answer
disability
question
what are key concepts of global health?
answer
- social determinants of health
- key health indicators
- global burden of disease
- risk factors
- key health indicators
- global burden of disease
- risk factors
question
what are social determinants of health?
answer
- policy-making
- social factors
- health services
- individual behaviors
- biology and genetics
- social factors
- health services
- individual behaviors
- biology and genetics
question
policy-making, social factors, health services, individual behaviors, biology and genetics are all
answer
social determinants
question
how do you measure burden of disease?
answer
HALE - health adjusted life expectancy
question
what are two ways to indicate how far different countries are from good state of health?
answer
DALY - disability adjusted life years
QALY - quality adjusted life years
QALY - quality adjusted life years
question
summarizes the expectant number of years lived in what might be determined the equivalent of good health
answer
health adjusted life expectancy
question
a unit for measuring the amount of health lost because of a particular disease or injury
answer
DALY - disease adjusted life years
question
calculated as the present value of future years of disability free life that are lost as a result of the premature deaths or causes of
disability occurring in a particular year
disability occurring in a particular year
answer
DALY - disease adjusted life years
question
a man is expected to live until 80 but dies at 40, what is the DALY?
answer
40 years lost
question
calculating the _____ gives an accurate burden of disease for that community
answer
DALY
question
T or F: the burden of disease is measured by the mortality of a diesase alone
answer
F - diseases can leave you disabled too
population can have high morbidity and not mortality rate
population can have high morbidity and not mortality rate
question
what is the number one cause of mortality across all economic classes?
answer
ischemic heart disease and cerebrovascular disease
followed by COPD and cancers in high income
followed by malaria, TB, HIV/AIDS and road accidents in low income
followed by COPD and cancers in high income
followed by malaria, TB, HIV/AIDS and road accidents in low income
question
after ischemic heart disease and cerebrovascular disease, what are the leading causes of mortality in low income countries
answer
malaria, tb, HIV/AIDS, road accidents
question
T or F: studies suggest that the higher the income, the lower the rate of communicable disease
answer
T
lower income -- higher rate of communicable
lower income -- higher rate of communicable
question
One disease which is not represented on the top ten
causes of mortality but has a very high DALY due to its
disabling effects is
causes of mortality but has a very high DALY due to its
disabling effects is
answer
depression and mental illness
question
T or F: most leading causes of deaths in low income countries are due to infection
answer
T
pneumonia, diarrheal diseases, HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, neonatal infections, malaria
pneumonia, diarrheal diseases, HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, neonatal infections, malaria
question
what is the leading cause of DALYS and mortality in high income countries?
answer
coronary heart disease
question
when fluid loss reaches ___%, diarrhea becomes fatal
answer
10%
dehydration
dehydration
question
what are public health promotion activities?
answer
- education and promotion of handwashing
- immunizations
- screening (COVID-19)
- immunizations
- screening (COVID-19)
question
what are the ten threats to global health according to the WHO?
answer
- air pollution and climate change
- noncommunicable diseases
- threat of an influenza pandemic
- fragile and vulnerable settings (drought, conflict)
- antimicrobial resistance
- ebola and other high risk pathogens
- weak primary care
- vaccine hesitancy
- dengue
- HIV
- noncommunicable diseases
- threat of an influenza pandemic
- fragile and vulnerable settings (drought, conflict)
- antimicrobial resistance
- ebola and other high risk pathogens
- weak primary care
- vaccine hesitancy
- dengue
- HIV
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