Health Promotion Exam 1

a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity

shift in basic premise: away from focusing on the individual and disease towards the whole person and well being; the community, nation, and world

Western Medicine

-procedures, research, drugs
-health = the absence of disease
-curative vs prevention
-specialists
-"they will fix me"

-more prevalent

Social

-preventative
-holistic
-self-help
-"i can do this to help"

-Global
-Environmental
-Societal
-Personal: mental, physical, emotional, spiritual, sexual, social (MEPSSS)

-Insel & Roth

social, emotional, environmental, spiritual, physical, intellectual (SIPEES)

-Greenberg

emotional, environmental, physical, social, spiritual (SEEPS)

-Genetic and biological factors (cancer in the family)
-Lifestyle factors (smoking, exercise, stress, hygiene)
-Environmental factors (built environment and natural environment)
-Extent and nature of health services (whether or not health services are available ie. location, insurance)

GEEL

social class - money, career, education, who you surround yourself with

income - more money gives you better access to healthcare, better food, gym

housing - substandard; lead in homes, homeless, heat/water

employment - health benefits, money/income, 401K, type of work, stress levels, career development

gender - nonbinary

ethnic minorities - food, housing, employment

geographic location - access to good employment, higher income, housing, healthy lifestyle

Social Determinants of Health
-education, healthcare, environment, income, social

lifestyles - risk behaviors (more prevalent in lower SES sectors); drinking, drugs, smoking; people use this as coping mechanisms, social

consequence - early life and childhood; what happened in these early years that changed them; mental health, fetal alcohol syndrome

psychosocial factors - marginalization, isolation (due to relative inequalities of income, material resources)

material disadvantages - distribution of resources (some have a lot, some have none)

limited access to healthcare

Strengthen individuals - programs, teaching
Strengthen communities - provide resources
Improve access - being in the community
Health public policy - masking, vaccines, seatbelts

how much money is spent on healthcare rather than number of health people

outcomes: mortality rate, life expectancy, patient satisfaction

the process of enabling people to increase control over, and to improve, their health

diseases that cannot be spread from person to person
-cancer, diabetes

illnesses that are easily passed from one person to another
-flu, covid, STD, mono

- Health systems (set up on medical model in US)
- Promoting health through life-course
- Noncommunicable diseases
- Communicable diseases
- Corporate services
- Preparedness (surveillance and response)

- Shift from individuals to total population (changes decision making)
- Organized community effort (empowerment)
- Focus on majority of individuals
- Strategic aim: strengthen the resources for health (make sure money is well spent; not to keep spending money to fix people after the fact)
- Health is produced in the dynamic exchange between people and their environment, creating self-esteem, a sense of worth, and social capital

Healthy People identifies public health organizations, and communities across the US improve health and well-being; positive approaches

prioritization - help identifies 'areas of concern'

planning - programming, PSA

justification of resources - time, money, etc

professional development - health gains, contribution to profession

quantitative - number: BP
qualitative - symptoms: headache, fever

indirect measure of the desired outcome which is itself strongly correlated to that outcome

ex) calculating BMI: underwater test, dexiscan, caliber

study of occurrence and spread of disease

negative - doesn't mean bad; just looking at things opposite of health (ie. mortality = death rate (usually due to specific disease, action, etc.))

way to measure health

standardized mortality ratio (# of people who actually died vs how many were expected to die)

way to measure health

Infant Mortality Rate (effort put into pre-natal care)

way to measure health

frequency that a disease occurs

way to measure health

number of people on ventilators, hospitalizations, etc

way to measure health

incidence: number of cases in a time period
prevalence : % of people with illness at a specific time or period (bigger)

the study of the causes of diseases

causation - smoking lead to lung cancer
association - profession lead to lung cancer

how much illness is due to a specific facor

-unbiased

-health status
-health behavior indicators (smoking, drug use)
-environmental indicators (air/water quality)
-socioeconomic indicators (SES: GDP)
-health impact assessment (decision in area not related to health but will have impact on health)

-open to interpretation

-physical well being, functional ability
-psychological (personality, depression, interest
-social health (social anxiety, relationship, quizzes)
-QOL (general well being)
-QALYs (Quality Adjusted Life Years)

-population as a whole in everyday lives
-acts on the causes/ determinants of health
-complimentary approaches to HP (social media, PSA)
-Encourages self-help; personal involvement in health
-Importance of health care professionals in promoting health (not just today, future problems)

Primary: prevent/promotion
Secondary: screen-early detection
Tertiary: treat- to prevent further deterioration, rehab

taking action to influence others to address a health-related concern or to support a health-related belief

provision of interventions that improve the ability of individuals or groups to participate in activities

between factions, promoting understanding