Health Promotion Week 8

1.Primary

2.Secondary

3.Tertiary

Comes before disease or disability – upstream approach

Purpose is to decrease vulnerability of individual or groups

Examples: health education, immunizations, advocating for health policy

–Early identification of disease/disability

–Purpose is to minimize effects of disease/disability in order to maximize function

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–Examples: screening, harm reduction programs, nurse actions that address early stages of diseases/disabilities

–Disease or disability is permanent and/or irreversible.

–Minimizes the effects of disease and disability.

–Purpose is to return the individual to a useful role

–Examples: rehabilitation, treatment

§Focus is on the health of populations

§Address the determinants of health and their interconnection

Interventions

§assess upstream issues impacting population

§base care decisions on best evidence

§apply multiple intervention strategies

§collaborate with communities and across health system sectors and levels of prevention

Individual/Intrapersonal:

The individual characteristics that influence behavior, including knowledge, skills, motivation, and personality traits.

(Microsystem)

·Genetics & epigenetics

·Age

·Gender

·Sexual Orientation

·Nutrition

·Health Status/Risks

·Health Beliefs

·Self-Care Practices

·Spiritual practice

·Overall health & wellbeing

·Resilience/trauma history

·STIs, HIV, AIDS

·Habits: smoking, alcohol, substance abuse

·Stress

Interpersonal:

Relationships with others and effects on social identity.

(Mesosystem)

·Relationship with Significant Other

·Health of spouse/ sperm donor

·Culture/customs or traditions

·Family environment

·Social support

·Friendships

·Peers

·Co-workers

·Religious networks

Community:

Availability and location of resources that promote health, social networks, and social norms.

(Exosystem)

·Transportation

·Healthcare services

·Access to healthy food

·Parks & recreation

·Neighborhood safety

·Child-friendly

·Poverty vs prosperity

·Community center

·Places to walk

·Clean / safe environment

·Nutrition programs (e.g. WIC, food stamps, community gardens)

“The social determinants of health are the conditions in which people are born, grow, live, work and age. These circumstances are shaped by the distribution of money, power and resources at global, national and local levels. The social determinants of health are mostly responsible for inequities – the unfair and avoidable differences in health status seen within and between countries.”

“Vulnerable populations are those with a greater than average risk of developing health problems by virtue of their marginalized sociocultural status, their limited access to economic resources, or their personal characteristics such as age and gender.”

13% of U.S. population lives in poverty (40 million persons) (2016)

America leads the world in rates of:

•Poverty

•Infant mortality

•Incarceration

•Obesity

•Gun violence