HLPR233 Global Health: Exam #1

A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity

Believe health is achieved through harmony with nature which includes the family, community, and the environment

Balance with nature. Belief that environmental forces (eg. nature, God, the living, or the dead) may disrupt a person's energy and bring illness

Health dependent on relationship to the universe and balance between polar elements like yin and yang must be maintained. Also concerned with pleasing ancestor spirits

- world
- world region
- nation
- state/province
- community
- household

An area of study, research, and practice that places a priority on improving health and achieving equity in health for all people worldwide

$995 or less
- Afghanistan
- Ethiopia
- Haiti
- Mozambique
- Nepal
- Zimbabwe

$996 - $3,895
- Bangladesh
- Bolivia
- Cameroon
- Egypt
- India
- Morocco
- Phillipines
- Swaziland

$3,896 - $12,055
- Botswana
- Costa Rica
- Jamaica
- South Africa
- Turkey
- Venezuela

$12,056 or more
- Argentina
- Belgium
- Canada
- Denmark
- Italy
- Netherlands
- Portugal
- Singapore

17 goals adopted by the UN in 2015 to reduce disparities between developed and developing countries by 2030

1. No poverty
2. Zero hunger
3. Good health and well-being
4. Quality education
5. Gender equality
6. Clean water and sanitation
7. Affordable and clean energy
8. Decent work and economic growth
9. Industry, innovation, and infrastructure
10. Reduced inequalities
11. Sustainable cities and communities
12. Responsible consumption and production
13. Climate action
14. Life below water
15. Life on land
16. Peace, justice, and strong institutions
17. Partnerships

- promotion of hand washing
- large scale screening for diabetes and hypertension
- regulation of tobacco and alcohol

- TB, malaria, HIV
- Antimicrobial resistance
- Emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases

- natural environment
- macro issues
- inequalties

- built environment
- social context

- material circumstances
- behavioral factors
- psychosocial factors

The conditions in which people are born, grow, live, work, and age, shaped by:
- economic stability
- social & community context
- neighborhood & environment
- health care
- education

sickness or any departure subjective or objective, from a psychological or physiological state of well-being

death

temporary or long term reduction in a person's capacity to function

number of people suffering from a certain health condition over a specified period

# of people affected by a health condition at a single point in time

the rate at which new cases of a disease occur in a population

caused by infectious agents

illnesses not spread by an infectious agent (ie. autoimmune, cancer, diabetes/cardiac, genetic)

include road traffic, falls, self-inflicted, violence, etc.

intervening before health effects occur

screening to identify disease before onset of S&S

managing disease post diagnosis or stopping disease progression

to what age a newborn baby (>1 year) will live in average if conditions in the country will remain the same throughout life

the probability that a newborn baby will die before reaching age 5, expressed as a number per 1000 live births.

- high income countries have the majority of child deaths among neonates

good indicator of how a whole health system works

- function primary health care
- access to skilled care during birth to identify early complications
- hospitals for more advanced care like C-sections

record births, deaths, and causes of death

- cultural barriers to timely reporting
- difficulty assigning one cause of death
- many low and middle income countries lack a proper syste,

to be able to recognize what countries are struggling and why to be able to address global health issues

the # of years a person of a given age can expect to live in good health, taking account of mortality and disability

overall life expectancy - number of years of ill health

the sum of years lost due to premature death and years lived with disability (YLDs)

average life expectancy at that age - age at which one dies

- people living longer
- women live 5 years longer than men globally
- significant declines in communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional causes of death over the last 40 years
- mortality rates have decreased, particularly for children under 5

1. ischemic heart disease
2. alzheimers and dementia
3. stroke
4. tracheal, bronchus, lung cancers
5. COPD

1. lower respiratory infections
2. ischemic heart disease
3. diarrheal diseases
4. malaria
5. HIV/AIDs

as income increases, the likelihood of dying from a communicable disease decreases

- rural
- minorities
- female
- poor
- uneducated

- majority of population growth coming from low and middle income countries
- high income countries are below replacement fertility line and aging populations

each person has enough children to replace them after they die (2 parents=2 children)

- majority of the global population lives in urban areas
- puts pressure on urban infrastructure (water/sanitation, schools, health services)
- gaps in infrastructure can have substantial negative consequences for health

- high fertility to low fertility/low mortality
- better hygiene/nutrition --> mortality decline --> decline in fertility

high and fluctuating mortality --> increase in life expectancy and dominance of noncommunicable disease

nutrition, education, political stability, and scientific improvements

- economic development
- scientific and technological change
- climate change
- political stability
- emerging and re-emerging infectious disease

- over 1 billion increase in the next 30 years predicted
- majority of growth from low/middle income countries