-Approach to public policies across sectors that systematically takes into account the health implications of decisions, seeks synergies, and avoids harmful health impacts to improve population health and health equity
-Improves accountability of policymakers for health impacts at all levels of policy making
-Includes an emphasis on the consequences of public policies on health systems, determinants of health, and well-being
-Yes and no, depends on the policy61
-Not everyone will follow the policies
-Tends to drift towards smaller more tertiary policies rather than maintaining proper primary prevention policies
-Policies often seek positive outcomes, instead of reductions in social inequities
-Caused by modifiable factors
-Much of the disease burden could be avoidable, coming form our choices or the choices that are available to people
-Avoiding disease is largely determined by policies beyond medical care
-First Nations people aged 15 and older are more likely to report poor health outcomes
-Over 60% of First Nations people are diagnosed with at least 1 chronic condition
-49% reported excellent or very good health, as opposed to 62% of the total population
-60% reported their mental health as good or excellent, compared with 72% of the whole population
-Conditions that have a direct impact on physical, emotional, mental and spiritual health
-Disadvantage and inequity within this stratum give rise to all manner of physical, emotional, mental, spiritual, and social changes
-The interplay of historical, political, ideological, economical, social foundations
-Are social, economic, and political mechanisms which generate social stratification
-Hard to change these
-Many contemporary relations were founded on racialized ideology, which continues to support the tenets of colonialism
-The health-related, systems-level determinants resulting from the Indian Act are far-reaching and influence almost every aspect of First Nation peoples' lives
Economic-Lack of resources to afford healthy food
Geographic-Remote locations with expensive shipping costs, limited resources
-Barriers to accessing healthy market or country foods
-Physical environments that do not always support health (Crowded housing, lack of sidewalks or walking trails, cold weather, lack of accessible recreational infrastructure or programs)
-Lack of cultural competency (implicit or explicit) in LGBTQ services
-Dominant barriers in the effective provision of LGBTQ -tailored services include institutional norms and values
-Many clinicians are often unprepared to provide culturally competent sexual health services that include individual-level issues (ex. promoting condom use) or socio0cultural and structural conditions that can cause LGBTQ youth to be socially vulnerable
-Lack of food at home, homelessness and low future prospects increases risky sexual behaviour
-Behaviours such as older partners, partners involved in gangs, substance use prior to use, and exchange sex
Positivism
-A position that holds that the only way to establish truth and objective reality is through the scientific method and that natural science is the only foundation for true knowledge
-Related to quantitative methods
-Reality is believed to be socially constructed, and there are as many intangible realities as there are people constructing them
-Whereas reality is mind dependent and a personal or social construct, knowledge is subjective
-Uses interviews, observations, photographs
-Includes participatory action research, feminist designs, and research with the aim to transform communities and society
-It is this paradigm in which action on the social determinants of health through addressing inequities falls
Descriptive study
1. Ecological
2. Cross-sectional
3. Case-control
4. Cohort
-The subject of analysis is an aggregate or group rather than an individual
-Typically geographic areas, such as countries or census tracts
-A study in which the outcome and exposures of study participants are measured at the same time
-People of many ages, both with and without the condition being researched
-A type of epidemiologic study where a group of individuals with the diseases, referred to as cases, are compared to individuals without the disease, referred to as controls
-More prone to recall bias, as those with the disease are more likely to recall being exposed to a possible risk factor
-Good for studying rare diseases
-A type of epidemiologic study where a group of exposed individuals (individuals who have been exposed to the potential risk factor) and a group of non-exposed individuals are followed over time to determine the incidence of disease
-Can be retrospective or prospective, in the past or looking at the future
-The study of individuals' own unique, first-person, conscious experience
-Identifies previous beliefs, then the researcher must be open to considering these perspectives
-Analysis occurs and then is described as the researcher comes to understand the phenomenon
-An inductive method of generating theory from data by creating categories in which to place data and then looking for relationships among categories
-Based on the premise that theory is indispensable for gaining dep knowledge of social phenomenon
Bias introduced when screening detects a disease earlier and thus lengthens the time from diagnosis to death.
-Appears to provide a longer survival time, but in fact the person just knows sooner
-The disease must cause significant morbidity or mortality
-There is an asymptomatic stage of the disease that is detectable
-The natural history of the disease is understood, and early detection is known to improve health outcomes
-Early treatment is effective and acceptable
-The disease is not too common and not too rare
Order an Essay Now & Get These Features For Free:
Turnitin Report
Formatting
Title Page
Citation
Outline
