HLTH 301 Midterm

a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity

*not limited to medical issues
*emphasis on well being , both physically and mentally
* dependence on external factors : financial affordability of food , safe and secure living condition : eg war and disasters

1. Individual level
2. Population level
3. Global level

Area for medicine , focused on individual level and treatments and cures

Public health area , mostly focused on public health , social reform movements in science

Goes beyond the border of one country

No
*medicine individual health
*public —> prevention

Focused on curing , sometimes involves suggestions for intervention
*individual level

the science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life and promoting health through the organized efforts and informed choices of society, organizations, public and private, communities and individuals

1) decision making based on data and evidence
2) a focus on populations rather than individuals
3) goal of social Justice and equity
4) an emphasis on prevention rather than curative one

Focused primarily on health issues in lower middle income countries—> more higher income countries focusing on dealing with health problems in these areas than looking at health problems as a whole

Higher income countries complete research in lower income countries —> and doesn't normally include the collaboration of them

a condition in which people receive from a relationship in proportion to what they give to it

a difference or disparity in health outcomes that is systematic, avoidable, and unjust

preventable differences in the burden of disease, injury, violence, or opportunities to achieve optimal health that are experienced by socially disadvantaged populations

A constellation of processes by which nations , businesses, and people are becoming more connected via:

...

1. Environmental degradation
2. Socioeconomic degradation
3. Cross cutting

Greenhouse gas emissions/ climate change
Biodiversity loss
Water shortage
Decline in fisheries
Deforestation

Increasing poverty / inequality
Financial instability
Digital divide
Tax havens , transfer pricing

Food insecurity
Trade ( general , health damaging products)
Migration
Governance
Tourism
War and conflict

The ministry of health (Moh)

1. Unit committees (community)
2. Area council - # communities
3. Zonal - # zones
4. District
5. Regional
6. National

Community based health planning and services

Health centres

Polyclinics

District / municipal hospitals

Regional hospitals

Tertiary / teaching hospitals

the consistent finding that inequality and health are related, with those at the top of the social system being healthier and living longer than those at the bottom

To reduce the steepness of the social gradient in health, actions must be universal, but with a scale and intensity that is proportionate to the level of disadvantage.

1) socioeconomic status
2) education
3) place of residence (rural or urban)
4) race or ethnicity
5) occupation
6) gender
7) religion

Social conditions

Social inequalities

1. Improving average health of countries
2. Abolishing avoidable inequalities in health within countries

1. Inequalities between groups within the same society
2. Inequalities between countries

Social inequalities affect health so severely , they can be considered violence

*social structures that stop individuals from living to their full potential ( economic , political , legal , etc)

Social injustice —> ie taking away education, rights to hijabs , etc