HPS 150 midterm study guide

conditions in the environments in which people are born, live, learn, work, play, worship, and age that affect a wide range of health, functioning, and quality-of-life outcomes and risks

Economic stability, neighborhood and physical environment, education, food, community and social context, health care systemm

employment, income, expenses, debt, medical bills, support

housing, transportation, safety, parks, playgrounds, walkability, zip code/geography

literacy, language, early childhood education, vocational training, higher education

hunger, access to healthy options

social integration, support systems, community engagement, discrimination, stress

health coverage, provider availability, provider linguistic and cultural competency, quality of care

mortality, morbidity, life expectancy, health care expenditures, health status, functional limitations

abnormalities, structure and function in organs and systems (universal - what health professionals usually address)

subjective, perceptions of origins and significance, meaning of disease to people, effects on relationships, try to fix how it effects behavior (what people experience)

study of health outcomes in populations (scientific, systematic and data driven) of the distribution (frequency, pattern) and determinants (causes, risk factors) of health-related states and events (not just diseases) in specific populations

the "what", microbe that causes the disease (bacterium, virus, parasite)

the "who", organism harboring the disease, usually animal or humans. host characteristics affect likelihood of exposure, possibly likelihood of infection, course of a disease over times and disease outcomes

the "where", factors external to the host and agent that cause or allow disease transmission (e.g. water/temp for mosquito-borne diseases)

incubation period - time between exposure to an agent and when a person shows symptoms. (sometimes people are infected with an agent but show no signs)

Any person, animal, arthropod, plant, soil or substance (or combination of these) in which an infectious agent normally lives and multiplies, on which it depends primarily for survival, and where it reproduces itself in such manner that it can be transmitted to a susceptible host

An organism (such as an insect) that transmits the agent (e.g., a bacteria or virus).

disease or condition regularly found among particular people or in a certain area

An unusually high number of disease cases in a particular location, for instance, on a cruise ship, hospital, school

Widespread occurrence of an infectious disease in a community at a particular time, may be multiple geographic areas

Epidemic - across a country, multiple places in world, infects multitude

disease typically affecting an animal population

disease with higher than typical number of cases in an animal population

single celled, 5 shapes, found in every habitat on earth, (rocks, oceans, snow), live in or on plants and animals including humans

live in soil/dead plant matter (cycling of nutrients; cause of fermented foods), cause food to spoil, most are not disease-causing

can cause disease in different places in the body, can reproduce on their own (binary fission, very quickly), can be treated with antibiotics

smallest microbes, DNA or RNA surrounded by protein, bump into cell-attach and invade cell to reproduce, need host cell to reproduce (must get inside body, attach and invade host cells, uses genetic material and host machinery to replicate itself, then pushes out of host cell who dies and finds new host cell), prevention (airborne and surfaces = masks and hand-washing, sexually = condoms/barriers)

12,000 years ago, mobile hunter-gatherer groups transfer to more stable communities cultivating plants and living in more stable farming

many diseases have animal origins (6/10 spread and 3 of 4 new ones come from animals

supposed son of Apollo - patron of physicians, symbol of medical profession

Greek physician (most famous from this time), ran med school, his work = (traditions of asclepios and older ideas from Egypt and Greek surgery and med), surgery, gynecology, purging remedies, ethics