question
Which of the following is visible with the naked eye, unassisted by magnification?
answer
a bacterial colony
question
Which of the following is the correct order for the solutions used in Gram staining?
1. decolorization Ethanol 95%
2. crystal violet
3.Safranin (counter stain)
4. iodine
1. decolorization Ethanol 95%
2. crystal violet
3.Safranin (counter stain)
4. iodine
answer
crystal violet> iodine> decolorization of Ethanol 95%> Safranin
question
If the Safranin step were omitted in the gram staining procedure, what colour would you expect Gram positive bacteria to stain and what colour would you expect Gram-negative stain?
answer
Gram positive: purple
Gram negative: colourless
Gram negative: colourless
question
Which of the following factors are responsible fro preventing microbial growth on the skin?
answer
dryness of skin and inhibitory substances
question
Resident flora can be found in all the following locations in the human body EXCEPT the:
answer
CSF
question
In which of the following anatomical locations would you expect to find the largest number of bacteria:
answer
large intestine
question
which of the following statements is FALSE?
answer
normal flora bacteria never cause infections
question
In order to cause an infectious disease a pathogen must accomplish which of the following steps?
answer
it must infect the host and it might multiply in the host
question
Which of the following is the best description of microorganisms that cause spoilage of foods at refrigeration temperatures?
answer
Psychrophiles
question
Media designed to promote the growth of a specific kind of bacteria and suppress the growth of unwanted bacteria are called?
answer
selective media
question
Which of the following is the correct written scientific name of the microorganism that causes strep throat?
answer
Streptococcus pyogenes
question
Antigens are:
answer
any substance capable of inducing a specific immune response
question
antibodies are produced by:
answer
B lymphocytes
question
The following infections are all caused by streptococcus pyogenes EXCEPT for:
answer
Diphtheria
question
toxic shock syndrome is caused by:
answer
Staphylococcus aureus
question
the following structure may help a microorganism colonize a given body surface:
answer
Pili
question
Which of the following is NOT an example if active immunzation
answer
IgG of the animal origin
question
A feature resulting in increase virulence of a bacterium is:
answer
being able to invade tissues and to multiply
question
Neisseria gonorrhoeae is:
answer
a cause of genital infection
question
the most common infection caused by beta haemolytic streptococcus is:
answer
phryngitis/ tonsillitis
question
Endotoxins
answer
are usually less toxic then exotoxins
question
an opportunistic microorganism is:
answer
usually non pathogenic
question
An example of an opportunistic pathogen is:
answer
Staphylococcus epidermis
question
Which of the following is an example of specific immunity against infection:
answer
Lysis by killer t.cells
question
Which of the following statements is false?
answer
E.coli is a non-lactose fermenter bacterium
question
The most common route of infections with Streptococcus agalactiae is through
answer
contact with the female genital tract
question
a feature used for lab diagnosis of streptococci is:
answer
they are usually arranged in pairs or chains
question
which is NOT produced by staphlococcus aureus?
answer
Hyaluronidase
question
Which of the following are gram positive diplococci?
answer
Streptococcus pneumonia
question
Which of the following statements are incorrect?
answer
Staphylococcus aureus is rarely involved in wound infection
question
A microorganism that can only grow in the complete absence of free oxygen is
answer
obligate anaerobe
question
which of the following pathogens cases meningitis in young infants 1-12 weeks after birth?
answer
Streptococcus agalactiae
question
what is the most common entry route of a microbial pathogen into the human body?
answer
inhalation
question
Which of the following is NOT a mechanism of acquired antibiotic resistance?
answer
Over prescription of antibiotics
question
Which of the following vaccine types is considered to be generally the safest
answer
recombinant vaccines
question
which of the following is false about the gram negative cell wall?
answer
it does nothave an outer layer
question
each of the statements regarding streptococci is correct is correct EXCEPT:
answer
most streptococci produce the enzyme coagulase
question
which disease below below is currently limited to small number of sporadic cases by vaccination of the general population?
answer
meningoccococal meningitis
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