o Present at birth
o Nonspecific (no prior exposure necessary)
o Respond immediately to potentially harmful agents
o Acquired immunity
o Involved T & B cells
o One cell responses to a specific substance
Takes several days to be effective
· Cutaneous membrane (Integument)
· Glands
· Mucosal Membrane
-apart of INNATE IMMUNITY: 1ST LINE OF DEFENSE
o Epidermis & dermis serve as a physical barrier
§ Cells are tightly linked, preventing entry of most microbes
§ Dermis produces hyaluronic acid which slows the migration of microbes that have penetrated the epidermis
§ Integument has a normal (nonpathogenic) commensal microflora that help prevent growth of pathogenic microorganisms
-apart of INNATE IMMUNITY: 1ST LINE OF DEFENSE
o Sweat glands release antimicrobial substances
o Sebaceous glands secrete sebum that lowers the pH on the surface of the skin
-apart of INNATE IMMUNITY: 1ST LINE OF DEFENSE
o Line body openings including the respiratory, GI, urinary, & reproductive tracts
o Form a physical, chemical, and biological barrier
§Respiratory tract
§ Gastrointestinal tract
§ Urogenital tract
-apart of mucosal membrane
· Vibrissa (nasal hairs) trap microbes in the nasal cavity
· Mucin, containing antimicrobial substances, secreted into nasal cavity
· Cilia sweep mucous toward pharynx to be expectorated or swallowed
· Coughing & sneezing blows microbes away from lungs
-apart of mucosal membrane
· Saliva contains antimicrobial substances
· Stomach produces hydrochloric acid lower pH in stomach to ~2
o Destroys bacteria and other pathogens
· Defecation & vomiting removes microbes before entering blood
· Intestinal commensal microflora helps prevent growth of pathogens
-apart of mucosal membrane
· Urine flushes microbes from urinary tract
· Lactate (weak acid) secreted in genital tract of females
o Lowers pH and slows or prevents growth of microbes
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