question
where is dengue most prevalent and aedes aegypti?
answer
South America (venezuela/columbia) , India, South east asia, southern Africa
question
spatial side of public health includes wut?
answer
person, place and time
question
medical geo sees "place" as a ______ and things are ______.
answer
place=location
-things are quantitative
-things are quantitative
question
health geo sees "place" as a ______ and things are ______.
answer
place= context
-qualitative
-qualitative
question
WHO def of health
answer
mental, physical and social well-being (not just abt absence of disease)
question
evolutionary adaptation led to __________ _______.
answer
natural resistance to infection (e.g. genetic change)
question
fomite
answer
unintimate object
question
examples of bio adaptations
answer
sickle -cell gene help protects against malaria, tay-sachs agaisnt TB, and immune system responses to microorganisms
question
ex: of social adaptations
answer
-improving poor sanitation and quality of living during indust. rev.,
medicare, sunscreen
medicare, sunscreen
question
what are insults and some ex:
answer
stimuli
-Carbon monoxide affects
-physical: trauma
-infectious: prion
-pyschSocial: danger
-Carbon monoxide affects
-physical: trauma
-infectious: prion
-pyschSocial: danger
question
pyschosocial effects on health
answer
danger, crowds, love, isolation, anxiety
question
wut are the 3 core public health functions
answer
1.) surveillance: (assessment and monitoring) of the health of communities and populations
2.) policies: the formulation of public policies
3.) access: make sure all populations have access to appropriate care (health promo, prevention, and check up on how effective care is)
2.) policies: the formulation of public policies
3.) access: make sure all populations have access to appropriate care (health promo, prevention, and check up on how effective care is)
question
what is epidemiology?
answer
study of determinants and distribution of health-related events (disease) and using this info to the control of health probs
question
what is determinants?
answer
the why
question
distribution is the ____and ____
answer
when and where
question
the global north is associated with what types of diseases
answer
cardio vascular/ non-infectious diseases (cancer/heart disease)
question
prevalence vs. incidence
answer
prevalence is total EXISTING cases (summary view) while incidence is number of NEW cases in a given time period (onset view)
question
when would incidence and prevalence differ?
answer
when cases survive a long time (chronic) so prevalence is both new and old cases
question
endemic vs. epidemic vs. pandemic
answer
endemic: disease outbreak is present but limited to a region
epidemic: unexpected increase in disease cases in a specific region, usually high in # in localized area
pandemic: when disease growth is exponential, reaches across populations/countries
epidemic: unexpected increase in disease cases in a specific region, usually high in # in localized area
pandemic: when disease growth is exponential, reaches across populations/countries
question
morbidity vs. mortality
answer
morbidity=illness/disease
mortality=death
mortality=death
question
immunity:
-active
-passive
-herd
-active
-passive
-herd
answer
active (most common)=infection/vaccination
passive= mom-->child/put antibodies into another bodies
herd=when a large part of pop is immune to an area, that the likihood of an infected person finding a susecptible person is so small that the disease will stop
passive= mom-->child/put antibodies into another bodies
herd=when a large part of pop is immune to an area, that the likihood of an infected person finding a susecptible person is so small that the disease will stop
question
what is a vector
answer
usually an athropod that carries disease (ex: fleas, ticks, mosquitos, bats)
question
what is a carrier
answer
usually humans and no symptoms and can transmit disease
question
double burden of disease
answer
-wut many low-income/middle income countries are experiencing
-battling both infectious diseases/malnutrition and diseases associated with westernizing/growing in affluence
-battling both infectious diseases/malnutrition and diseases associated with westernizing/growing in affluence
question
what does YLL mean?
answer
years of life lost b/c of premature mortality in the pop.
question
persists for a long time and generally can't be prevented/cured when gotten
answer
non-communicable/chronic
question
infectious agent, transmitted from an infected person, animal, or fomite to a susceptible host
answer
communicable/infectious
question
leading cause of death for high income
answer
cardio vascular disease
question
leading cause of death for low income
answer
infectious and parasitic diseases
question
what does DALY stand for?
answer
disability adjusted life year
-sum of yrs lost b/c premature mortality (YLL) and the yrs lost of life due to disability (YLD)
-sum of yrs lost b/c premature mortality (YLL) and the yrs lost of life due to disability (YLD)
question
top 2 conditions contributing to disease burden by morbidity (YLD) and mortality (YLL)
answer
1.) heart disease
2.) anxiety and depression
2.) anxiety and depression
question
areas with high malaria risk
answer
south america (northern Brazil)
-places with high annual rainfall
-places with high annual rainfall
question
what is a host?
answer
a person or animal infected with a pathogen
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