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The Acid-Fast Stain
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Uses a combination of two basic stains, a mordant, and a decolorizer
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Staining steps for acid fast stain
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Carbol fuchsin- Primary stain; heat- Mordant; acid alcohol - decolorizer; methylene blue- counterstain
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Results of the acid fast stain
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acid-fast bacteria are pink, non-acid-fast bacteria are blue
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How does mycolic acid in the cell wall protect the bacterial cells that cause tuberculosis or leprosy?
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Waxy coating allows the bacterium to adhere to host cells and to survive inside of macrophages
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Mycobacterium smegmatis
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Acid-fast; aerobic; rods that form layers known as biofilms; mostly found in soil; used commercially to produce xylitol, a sugar substitute that may be used by diabetics or used to treat ear and upper respiratory infections
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What color will the capsule be?
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Colorless
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As a virulence factor, what does the capsule do?
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Combines principles of both positive and negative staining. Using basic dyes to stain the bacteria and acidic dyes to delineate the capsule surrounding the bacteria.
Prevents phagocytosis by WBC's
Prevents phagocytosis by WBC's
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Escherichia coli
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Produces vitamin k and b complex indicator bacterium for fecal contamination of food and water; 0157 hemorrhagic strain
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Micrococcus luteus
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Aerobic, cocci found in pairs or clusters, appears yellow in culture, nonpathogenic
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Serratia marcescens
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Pink and slimy; opportunist in AIDS victims, pneumonia in alcoholics, burn and wound infections
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Staphylococcus aureus
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Gram (+) cocci in grape like clusters, salt tolerant so isolated on MSA
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